The vertical distribution of aerosol over Europe—synthesis of one year of EARLINET aerosol lidar measurements and aerosol transport modeling with LMDzT-INCA

Guibert, S.; Matthias, Volker; Schulz, Mıchael; Bösenberg, Jens; Eixmann, Ronald; Mattis, Ina; Pappalardo, Gelsomina; Perrone, M. R.; Spinelli, N.; Vaughan, G.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.046

Cited by 51 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The vertical profile of Fig. 7 can be considered representative of the mean aerosol vertical distribution over southern Europe in accordance with the paper by Guibert et al (2005). Although sensitivity studies demonstrated a relatively weak impact of the aerosol vertical distribution on radiative forcing at the surface or at clear-sky conditions (e.g.…”

Section: Aerosol Vertical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Monthly-averaged anthropogenic aerosol direct radiative forcing over the Mediterranean based on AERONET aerosol properties

et al. 2008

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Abstract. The all-sky direct radiative effect by anthropogenic aerosol (DRE a ) is calculated in the solar (0.3-4 µm) and infrared (4-200 µm) spectral ranges for six Mediterranean sites. The sites are differently affected by pollution and together reflect typical aerosol impacts that are expected over land and coastal sites of the central Mediterranean basin. Central to the simulations are aerosol optical properties from AERONET sun-/sky-photometer statistics for the year 2003. A discussion on the variability of the overall (natural + anthropogenic) aerosol properties with site location is provided. Supplementary data include MODIS satellite sensor based solar surface albedos, ISCCP products for high-mid-and low cloud cover and estimates for the anthropogenic aerosol fraction from global aerosol models. Since anthropogenic aerosol particles are considered to be smaller than 1 µm in size, mainly the solar radiation transfer is affected with impacts only during sun-light hours. At all sites the (daily average) solar DRE a is negative all year round at the top of the atmosphere (ToA). Hence, anthropogenic particles produce over coastal and land sites of the central Mediterranean a significant cooling effect. Monthly DRE a values vary from site to site and are seasonally dependent as a consequence of the seasonal dependence of available sun-light and microphysical aerosol properties. At the ToA the monthly average DRE a is −(4±1) W m −2 during spring-summer (SS, AprilSeptember) and −(2±1) W m −2 during autumn-winter (AW, October-March) at the polluted sites. In contrast, it varies between −(3±1) W m −2 and −(1±1) W m −2 on SS and AW, respectively at the less polluted site. Due to atmospheric absorption the DRE a at the surface is larger than at the ToA. At the surface the monthly average DRE a varies between the most and the least polluted site between −(7±1) W m −2 and −(4±1) W m −2 during SS, and between −(4±3) W m −2Correspondence to: M. R. Perrone (perrone@le.infn.it) and −(1±1) W m −2 during AW. The DRE a at infrared wavelengths is positive but negligible, especially at the ToA (<0.3 W m −2 ). The average of DRE a monthly-means referring to all sites has allowed getting a ToA-and sfc-DRE a yearly-mean value of −(3±2) and −(5±3) W m −2 , respectively at solar wavelengths. Last data, even if refer to a particular year, indicate that the radiative energy-balance of Central Mediterranean land and coastal sites is quite affected by anthropogenic particles.

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Section: Aerosol Vertical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Monthly-averaged anthropogenic aerosol direct radiative forcing over the Mediterranean based on AERONET aerosol properties

et al. 2008

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“…Aerosols sometimes show a layered vertical stratification. However, the minima are not located directly at the surface but at higher altitudes (e.g., Bahreini et al, 2003;Kline et al, 2004;Guibert et al, 2005;Meloni et al, 2005). We propose three hypotheses to explain this feature.…”

Section: Zonal Mean Vertical Aerosol Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and quantification of the diversities of aerosol life cycles within AeroCom

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Simulation results of global aerosol models have been assembled in the framework of the AeroCom intercomparison exercise. In this paper, we analyze the life cycles of dust, sea salt, sulfate, black carbon and particulate organic matter as simulated by sixteen global aerosol models. The differences among the results (model diversities) for sources and sinks, burdens, particle sizes, water uptakes, and spatial dispersals have been established. These diversities have large consequences for the calculated radiative forcing and the aerosol concentrations at the surface. Processes and parameters are identified which deserve further research.The AeroCom all-models-average emissions are dominated by the mass of sea salt (SS), followed by dust (DU), sulfate (SO 4 ), particulate organic matter (POM), and finally black carbon (BC). Interactive parameterizations of the emissions and contrasting particles sizes of SS and DU lead genCorrespondence to: C. Textor (christiane.textor@cea.fr) erally to higher diversities of these species, and for total aerosol. The lower diversity of the emissions of the fine aerosols, BC, POM, and SO 4 , is due to the use of similar emission inventories, and does therefore not necessarily indicate a better understanding of their sources. The diversity of SO 4 -sources is mainly caused by the disagreement on depositional loss of precursor gases and on chemical production. The diversities of the emissions are passed on to the burdens, but the latter are also strongly affected by the model-specific treatments of transport and aerosol processes. The burdens of dry masses decrease from largest to smallest: DU, SS, SO 4 , POM, and BC.The all-models-average residence time is shortest for SS with about half a day, followed by SO 4 and DU with four days, and POM and BC with six and seven days, respectively. The wet deposition rate is controlled by the solubility and increases from DU, BC, POM to SO 4 and SS. It is the dominant sink for SO 4 , BC, and POM, and contributes about one third to the total removal of SS and DU species. For SS Published by Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. C. Textor et al.: Diversities of aerosol life cycles within AeroComand DU we find high diversities for the removal rate coefficients and deposition pathways. Models do neither agree on the split between wet and dry deposition, nor on that between sedimentation and other dry deposition processes. We diagnose an extremely high diversity for the uptake of ambient water vapor that influences the particle size and thus the sink rate coefficients. Furthermore, we find little agreement among the model results for the partitioning of wet removal into scavenging by convective and stratiform rain.Large differences exist for aerosol dispersal both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction. In some models, a minimum of total aerosol concentration is simulated at the surface. Aerosol dispersal is most pronounced for SO 4 and BC and lowest for SS. Diversities are higher for meridional than for verti...

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“…Therefore, when passing aerosol fields carried by these levels to the RegCM radiation module, we reduce the total aerosol optical depth, as only the lower and middle tropo spheric aerosols are considered. However, the radiative effects of the upper tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols can be neglected over Europe, as shown by Guibert et al (2005) who measured the vertical profiles of the total aerosol extinction coefficient. It should be noted here that, when ozone is passed from CAMx to the RegCM radiation scheme, the Dütsch (1978) concentrations are retained over the 12th level.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive coupling of a regional climate model and a chemical transport model: evaluation and preliminary results on ozone and aerosol feedback

Huszár¹,

Mikšovský²,

Pišoft³

et al. 2012

Clim. Res.

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This study presents an interactive coupling system of the regional climate model RegCM3 and the chemistry transport model CAMx, called RegCMCAMx. This system provides an advancement from offline coupling methods already in use. In RegCMCAMx, the radiative effects of tropospheric ozone, sulfates and black and organic carbon were considered. A series of annual sensitivity simulations were carried out for the year 2005 over a European domain, where ozone and/or aerosols were interactively coupled (taking their radiative feedbacks into account). The simulated concentrations of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol were validated against surface measurements. The coupling was evaluated by simulating 2 m temperature as well. The model satisfactorily reproduced near-surface ozone, especially in summer, and made reasonable predictions for monthly sulfate aerosol concentrations. Deficiencies were identified in simulating nitrogen (underprediction), sulfur oxides (overprediction) and carbonaceous aerosols (underprediction). The performance of the coupling system compared to non-coupled data was analyzed, and significant improvement of the model was found in terms of reproducing 2 m temperature, mainly for interactively coupled ozone. The short-term climate response of interactively coupled chemistry/aerosol was analyzed for the first time by this coupling model as well. The seasonally averaged temperature perturbation caused by coupled ozone/aerosols ranged from −1.5 to +1.5°C, not only near the surface but also at higher altitudes. Despite expectations, the surface radiative forcing due to aerosols did not correlate with the induced temperature changes, reflecting the complexity of the processes when ozone and/or aerosols perturb the overall dynamics of the atmosphere. The limitations of the newly established coupling system and the potential for future development are discussed.

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The vertical distribution of aerosol over Europe—synthesis of one year of EARLINET aerosol lidar measurements and aerosol transport modeling with LMDzT-INCA

Cited by 51 publications

References 25 publications

Monthly-averaged anthropogenic aerosol direct radiative forcing over the Mediterranean based on AERONET aerosol properties

Monthly-averaged anthropogenic aerosol direct radiative forcing over the Mediterranean based on AERONET aerosol properties

Analysis and quantification of the diversities of aerosol life cycles within AeroCom

Interactive coupling of a regional climate model and a chemical transport model: evaluation and preliminary results on ozone and aerosol feedback

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