The Vibrational Spectroscopy of Polymers

Abstract

This book describes the theory and practice of infrared and Raman spectroscopy as applied to the study of the physical and chemical characteristics of polymers. Its purpose is to give the beginning researcher in the field a firm foundation and a starting point for the study of more-advanced literature. To this end the book concentrates on the fundamentals of the theory and nomenclature, and on the discussion of well-documented illustrations of these fundamental principles, including many now-classic studies in the subject. No previous knowledge of either polymers or vibrational spectroscopy is assumed. The book will be of value to anyone beginning research on the vibrational spectroscopy of polymers, either from a physics or a chemistry background. It is intended to be especially suitable for use in undergraduate courses in physics, chemistry or materials science at both universities and polytechnics.

Biomass Adsorbent for Removal of Toxic Metal Ions From Electroplating Industry Wastewater

“…Consequently, this fiber can be used as an efficient natural material to remove toxic metal ions from electroplating industry wastewater. A comparative study between metal adsorption behavior and lignocellulosic biomass morphology was presented in previous studies (Bower & Maddams, 2006;Barreto et al, 2010b). The important observation is that biomass chemical modified was more efficient than raw material in the metal removal from aqueous solution.…”

“…The energy at which any peak in an absorption spectrum appears corresponds to the frequency of a vibration of a part of a sample molecule (Stuart, 2004). Thus, an infrared absorption spectrum of a material is obtained simply by allowing infrared radiation to pass through the sample and determining what fraction is absorbed at each frequency within some particular range (Bower & Maddams, 2006).…”

Sum-Frequency Generation from Chiral Media and Interfaces

“…To understand the SFVS spectra and deduce information about the surface structure of the PTFE films, we follow the theoretical studies of vibrational modes of PTFE in the literature [133]. PTFE is a linear polymer of [-(CF 2 )-] n .…”

“…ZXX vanish, but we still need to explain why χ (2) XXZ , χ (2) YYZ , and χ (2) ZZZ also nearly vanish. It can be shown [133] from group theory that for E 1 modes of a PTFE chain in space with 15 7 symmetry, the only allowed Raman polarizability elements are α yx = α xy and α zx = α xz , where the molecular coordinate x is defined to be along the axis of the helical chain. Having the chain oriented along X (such that x = X), we must conclude that χ (2) XXZ , χ (2) YYZ , χ (2) ZZZ , as well as χ (2) YZY must all vanish.…”

Theoretical vs. Experimental Ir Frequency Shifts Upon Π- Hydrogen Bonding: Complexes of Substituted Phenols With Hexamethylbenzene

“…Vibrational spectroscopy has provided rich experimental information on hydrogen bonding [1][2][3][4][5]. This method has also been instrumental in studies of π-hydrogen bonds [6][7][8].…”