SUMMARY -Airway management is basic for anesthesia practice, and sometimes it can represent a really dramatic scenario for both the patient and the physicians. Laryngoscopy has been the gold standard of airway visualization for more than 60 years, showing its limitations and failure rates with time. New technology has made available an opportunity to move the physician's eye inside patient airways thanks to video laryngoscopy and video assisted airway management technique. Undoubtedly, we have entered a new era of high resolution airway visualization and different approach in airway instrumentation. Nevertheless, each new technology needs time to be tested and considered reliable, and pitfalls and limitations may come out with careful and long lasting analysis, so it is probably not the right time yet to promote video assisted approach as a new gold standard for airway visualization, despite the fact that it certainly offers some new prospects. In any case, whatever the visualization approach, no patient dies because of missed airway visualization or failed intubation, but due to failed ventilation, which remains without doubt the gold standard of any patient safety goal and airway management technique. Airway management remains one of the main tasks for anesthesiologists and failure in airway control remains one of the most important sources of perioperative morbidity and mortality in anesthesia 1 . For this reason, many different strategies, devices and techniques have been developed in the last years to face this reality and to improve periprocedural safety.Ventilation and oxygenation remain the main targets in terms of patient safety, whereas laryngoscopy is probably the key point, if not even the starting point of any airway management strategy 2 . We know that many factors, including patient condition and anatomy, operator experience, and device availability and setting 3 may make laryngoscopy very difficult if not impossible, underlining how the conventional Macintosh approach ('standard laryngoscopy' or 'direct laryngoscopy'), which remains the most popular approach for airway visualization, might show important limitations.
Everything in LineSeveral years ago, Cooper wrote an amazing editorial on the future of laryngoscopy 4 , reminding us that what makes man different from other species is disalignment of airway and esophagus, which on the one hand allows us social behavior during meals, but on the other hand generates a real challenge for airway management.Basic for conventional laryngoscopy, and consequently for intubation, is achieving the so called 'line of sight', between the physician's eye and the larynx. For this purpose, any anesthesiologist, even if still inexperienced, knows that intubation maneuver starts with patient's head positioning so to achieve alignment between the operator's eye and oral, pharyngeal