The Vietnamese Version of the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ) and the Revised Short Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Test (S‐GRAT): Psychometric Properties Among Adolescents

Abstract

There is a lack of validated instruments to measure gratitude in Vietnamese adolescents; this issue is regarded as a significant impediment to progress in implementing empirical research on the gratitude of Vietnamese adolescents. The aim of this study, therefore, was to validate the Vietnamese translation of the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ) and the Revised Short Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Test (S-GRAT), using two independent samples of Vietnamese adolescents in two studies. In Study 1, Sample 1 (N = 365, female n = 173) completed the Vietnamese GQ (GQ-VN) and S-GRAT (S-GRAT-VN). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 5-item version of the GQ-VN and the 15-item version of the S-GRAT-VN fitted the data adequately. Both instruments showed satisfactory internal consistency. In Study 2, Sample 2 (N = 202, female n = 93) completed the GQ-VN and S-GRAT-VN, along with the Satisfaction With Life Scale. The GQ-VN and S-GRAT-VN were found to be positively correlated with each other and with the construct of life satisfaction, confirming the convergent and predictive validity of the two questionnaires. All the findings support the validity and reliability of the Vietnamese GQ and S-GRAT in a sample of Vietnamese adolescents. These two instruments, therefore, may facilitate the evaluation of factors associated with adolescent dispositional gratitude in Vietnamese settings.

Reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Short Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test (S-GRAT-GR)

“…With respect to convergent validity, the results showed that the total score of the S-GRAT-Gr and the scores of its subscales were moderately to strongly positively correlated with the GQ-6 score. The results are consistent with previous research findings in adult samples (Froh et al, 2011;Jans-Beken et al, 2015;Tran et al, 2022) and indicate that both scales assess the conceptualization of grateful disposition. Moreover, nomological network analysis showed that both the total score of the S-GRAT-Gr and the score of the subscales presented positive correlations with life satisfaction and happiness.…”

“…These findings seem to suggest that gratitude is a universal feeling, in which noticing and receiving something valuable causes feelings of appreciation for the positive in the world. Furthermore, these findings also suggest that the benefits of gratitude may have an impact both on Western individualistic societies but also on Eastern collectivistic societies (Tran et al, 2022).…”

“…Regarding reliability, results indicate that internal consistency of the GRAT and the S-GRAT is at good levels (α= >.82) (Jans-Beken et al, 2015;Lin & Huang, 2016;Oğuz-Duran, 2017;Tomaszek & Lasota, 2018). Validity results showed that both the GRAT and the S-GRAT are associated in the expected direction with the Satisfaction With Life Scale (Jans-Beken et al, 2015;Tomaszek & Lasota, 2018 ;Oğuz-Duran, 2017;Tran et al, 2022), the Flourishing Scale (Fabio, 2016), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Palazzeschi et al, 2022;Jans-Beken et al, 2015;Oğuz-Duran, 2017), the Meaningful Life Measure (Fabio, 2016;Tomaszek & Lasota, 2018) the Authenticity Scale (Fabio, 2016), the Transpersonal Gratitude Scale, the Spiritual well-being scale and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Garg et al, 2021), the Gratitude Questionnaire (Jans-Beken et al, 2015;Oğuz-Duran, 2017;Tran et al, 2022), the Resilience Measurement Scale -SPP-25 and the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (Lasota et al, 2022;Tomaszek & Lasota, 2018), the General Self-Esteem Scale (GSE) and the Altruism Scale (Tomaszek & Lasota, 2018), the Ko Depression Inventory and the Measure of subjective wellbeing (Lin & Huang, 2016). These findings seem to suggest that gratitude is a universal feeling, in which noticing and receiving something valuable causes feelings of appreciation for the positive in the world.…”

“…The S-GRAT is a short and well-cited measure to assess gratitude. It has been used by previous researchers in both Western and non-Western contexts and has generated important insights into the positive effects of gratitude experiences (Oğuz-Duran, 2017;Fabio, 2016;Garg et al, 2021;Jans-Beken et al, 2015;Tomaszek & Lasota, 2018;Palazzeschi et al, 2022;Tran et al, 2022). The GRAT and its short form have been used in related research with various samples worldwide, such as adults (Fabio, 2016), workers (Palazzeschi et al, 2022), college students (Garg et al, 2021;Lin & Huang, 2016;Oğuz-Duran, 2017) and adolescents (Tran et al, 2022), and have proved to have very good psychometric results.…”

Gratitude resentment and appreciation scale (GRAT-16): analyzing psychometrics properties in the Indian context

“…In nonwestern settings, scholars like Naito and Sakata (2010), Chan (2010), andGarg et al (2021) have relied on GRAT-16 to explore interrelationships between gratitude and other variables like happiness, vitality, and satisfaction with life. These studies were conducted in India (Garg, 2020;Mahipalan & Sheena, 2019), China (Kong et al, 2014), Japan (Naito & Sakata, 2010), and Vietnam (Tran et al, 2021). Similarly, western authors like Froh et al (2011), Jans-Beken et al (2015, Duran (2017), Hammer and Brenner (2017) have also used GRAT-16 for their empirical studies.…”