The Viking Diaspora

Jesch, Judith

doi:10.4324/9781315708331

Cited by 67 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…They also exported new ideas, technologies, language, beliefs and practices to these lands. In the process, they gradually developed new socio-political structures, assimilated cultural influences, and adopted the Christian faith 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent perspectives emphasize long-term, multi-causal social processes with after-effects that varied greatly by region 3–5 . Similarly, the notion of a Viking ‘expansion’, implying deliberate drive and purpose, has been supplemented by the more fluid concept of a ‘diaspora’ that developed over time 2 . Under this framework, however, the role of demographic dynamics has remained unclear, as has the question of whether VA Scandinavia was genetically structured or represented a homogenous population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although VA Scandinavians shared a common cultural, linguistic and material background, there was no common word for Scandinavian identity at that time 1 . The word ‘Viking’ is used in contemporary sources to mean a ‘pirate’ or ‘sea warrior’ 2 . As such, there is no single ‘Viking world’, but a coalescence of ‘Viking worlds’ marked by rapidly growing maritime exploration, trade, war and colonization, following the adoption of deep-sea navigation among the coastal populations of Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea area 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the cause for the development of this economic and political system into the more organized maritime society of the Viking era remains debated 5 . It is commonly argued that seafaring 8,14 contributed to create a densely interlinked Scandinavia during the Viking era 2,15,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population genomics of the Viking world

Lawson

Sikora

Racimo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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87 The Viking maritime expansion from Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) marks one 88 of the swiftest and most far-flung cultural transformations in global history. During this time 89 (c. 750 to 1050 CE), the Vikings reached most of western Eurasia, Greenland, and North 90 America, and left a cultural legacy that persists till today. To understand the genetic structure 91 and influence of the Viking expansion, we sequenced the genomes of 442 ancient humans from 92 across Europe and Greenland ranging from the Bronze Age (c. 2400 BC) to the early Modern 93 period (c. 1600 CE), with particular emphasis on the Viking Age. We find that the period 94 preceding the Viking Age was accompanied by foreign gene flow into Scandinavia from the 95 south and east: spreading from Denmark and eastern Sweden to the rest of Scandinavia. 96Despite the close linguistic similarities of modern Scandinavian languages, we observe genetic 97 structure within Scandinavia, suggesting that regional population differences were already 98 present 1,000 years ago. We find evidence for a majority of Danish Viking presence in England, 99 Swedish Viking presence in the Baltic, and Norwegian Viking presence in Ireland, Iceland, and 100Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial foreign European ancestry entering Scandinavia 101 during the Viking Age. We also find that several of the members of the only archaeologically 102 well-attested Viking expedition were close family members. By comparing Viking Scandinavian 103 genomes with present-day Scandinavian genomes, we find that pigmentation-associated loci 104 have undergone strong population differentiation during the last millennia. Finally, we are able 105 to trace the allele frequency dynamics of positively selected loci with unprecedented detail, 106 including the lactase persistence allele and various alleles associated with the immune response. 107We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial foreign engagement: 108 distinct Viking populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, 109 while Scandinavia also experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent. 110 111

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Population genomics of the Viking world

Lawson

Sikora

Racimo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Furthermore, given the current and increasing threats to archaeological sites 256 from anthropogenic climate change, there is a pressing need to act quickly and decisively to collect 257 critical archives before they are lost forever (Dawson, 2015;Hambrecht and Rockman, 2017). were settled by people of a shared cultural and biological heritage (Jesch, 2015). Yet the paths 271 chosen by these communities and their long-term fates contrast starkly.…”

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confidence: 99%

Archaeological sites as Distributed Long-term Observing Networks of the Past (DONOP)

Hambrecht

Anderung

Brewington

et al. 2020

Quaternary International

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37Archaeological records provide a unique source of direct data on long-term human-38 environment interactions and samples of ecosystems affected by differing degrees of human 39 impact. Distributed long-term datasets from archaeological sites provide a significant contribution 40 to establish local, regional, and continental-scale environmental baselines and can be used to 41 understand the implications of human decision-making and its impacts on the environment and the 42 resources it provides for human use. Deeper temporal environmental baselines are essential for 43 resource and environmental managers to restore biodiversity and build resilience in depleted 44 ecosystems. Human actions are likely to have impacts that reorganize ecosystem structures by 45 reducing diversity through processes such as niche construction. This makes data from 46 archaeological sites key assets for the management of contemporary and future climate change 47 scenarios because they combine information about human behavior, environmental baselines, and 48 biological systems. Sites of this kind collectively form Distributed Long-term Observing Networks 49 of the Past (DONOP), allowing human behavior and environmental impacts to be assessed over 50 space and time. Behavioral perspectives are gained from direct evidence of human actions in 51 response to environmental opportunities and change. Baseline perspectives are gained from data 52 on species, landforms, and ecology over timescales that long predate our typically recent datasets 53 that only record systems already disturbed by people. And biological perspectives can provide 54 essential data for modern managers wanting to understand and utilize past diversity (i.e., trophic 55 and/or genetic) as a way of revealing, and potentially correcting, weaknesses in our contemporary 56 wild and domestic animal populations. 57 58

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Basic Features of Political Organization and Social Structure of Rurikid Polity in the Tenth Century

Shchavelev

2020

The Evolution of Social Institutions

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The Viking Diaspora

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Population genomics of the Viking world

Population genomics of the Viking world

Archaeological sites as Distributed Long-term Observing Networks of the Past (DONOP)

Basic Features of Political Organization and Social Structure of Rurikid Polity in the Tenth Century

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