The virtual stages of hate: Using Goffman’s work to conceptualise the motivations for online hate

Kilvington, Daniel

doi:10.1177/0163443720972318

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Online hate (i.e., cyberhate, online hate speech) is an expression of prejudice and hatred against a group of people based on a certain characteristic-e.g., religion, ethnic background, gender identity. Thus, even when targeting individuals, online hate can elicit harm upon a community [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Online Hate Acceptance: A Cross-National Six-Country Study among Young Adults

Celuch

Oksanen

Räsänen

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The Internet, specifically social media, is among the most common settings where young people encounter hate speech. Understanding their attitudes toward the phenomenon is crucial for combatting it because acceptance of such content could contribute to furthering the spread of hate speech as well as ideology contamination. The present study, theoretically grounded in the General Aggression Model (GAM), investigates factors associated with online hate acceptance among young adults. We collected survey data from participants aged 18–26 from six countries: Finland (n = 483), France (n = 907), Poland (n = 738), Spain (n = 739), the United Kingdom (n = 959), and the United States (n = 1052). Results based on linear regression modeling showed that acceptance of online hate was strongly associated with acceptance of violence in all samples. In addition, participants who admitted to producing online hate reported higher levels of acceptance of it. Moreover, association with social dominance orientation was found in most of the samples. Other sample-specific significant factors included participants’ experiences with the Internet and online hate, as well as empathy and institutional trust levels. Significant differences in online hate acceptance levels and the strength of its connections to individual factors were found between the countries. These results provide important insights into the phenomenon, demonstrating that online hate acceptance is part of a larger belief system and is influenced by cultural background, and, therefore, it cannot be analyzed or combatted in isolation from these factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Online Hate Acceptance: A Cross-National Six-Country Study among Young Adults

Celuch

Oksanen

Räsänen

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although Goffman’s (1959) theory initially referred only to face-to-face interactions with co-present actors, research has extended it to online (Kilvington, 2020) and organisational settings (Manning, 2008; Whittle et al., 2020). As such, we can observe how organisations conceal processes and information in their ‘backstage’, while performing impression management to shape idealised self-presentations on the ‘frontstage’ (Ringel, 2019).…”

Section: Organisational Secrecy and Invisible Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifting the curtain: Strategic visibility of human labour in AI-as-a-Service

Newlands

2021

Big Data & Society

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Artificial Intelligence-as-a-Service (AIaaS) empowers individuals and organisations to access AI on-demand, in either tailored or ‘off-the-shelf’ forms. However, institutional separation between development, training and deployment can lead to critical opacities, such as obscuring the level of human effort necessary to produce and train AI services. Information about how, where, and for whom AI services have been produced are valuable secrets, which vendors strategically disclose to clients depending on commercial interests. This article provides a critical analysis of how AIaaS vendors manipulate the visibility of human labour in AI production based on whether the vendor relies on paid or unpaid labour to fill interstitial gaps. Where vendors are able to occlude human labour in the organisational ‘backstage,’ such as in data preparation, validation or impersonation, they do so regularly, further contributing to ongoing techno-utopian narratives of AI hype. Yet, when vendors must co-produce the AI service with the client, such as through localised AI training, they must ‘lift the curtain’, resulting in a paradoxical situation of needing to both perpetuate dominant AI hype narratives while emphasising AI’s mundane limitations.

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“…They propose to extend the established design approach for the user as an operator of a system by an additional focus on the user as a self-observer and as a performer for others. The concept of front and back regions has also been adopted in HCI, and discussed e.g., with smartphone usage (hiding and presenting certain information [4]), as well as social media [16,17].…”

Section: The Dramaturgical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Better Understanding of Social Acceptability

Uhde

Hassenzahl

2021

Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Social contexts play an important role in understanding acceptance and use of technology. However, current approaches used in HCI to describe contextual influence do not capture it appropriately. On the one hand, the often used Technology Acceptance Model and related frameworks are too rigid to account for the nuanced variations of social situations. On the other hand, Goffman's dramaturgical model of social interactions emphasizes interpersonal relations but mostly overlooks the material (e.g., technology) that is central to HCI. As an alternative, we suggest an approach based on Social Practice Theory. We conceptualize social context as interactions between co-located social practices and acceptability as a matter of their (in)compatibilities. Finally, we outline how this approach provides designers with a better understanding of different types of social acceptability problems and helps finding appropriate solutions. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → HCI theory, concepts and models; Ubiquitous and mobile computing theory, concepts and paradigms.

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The virtual stages of hate: Using Goffman’s work to conceptualise the motivations for online hate

Cited by 50 publications

References 39 publications

Factors Associated with Online Hate Acceptance: A Cross-National Six-Country Study among Young Adults

Factors Associated with Online Hate Acceptance: A Cross-National Six-Country Study among Young Adults

Lifting the curtain: Strategic visibility of human labour in AI-as-a-Service

Towards a Better Understanding of Social Acceptability

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