The Virus of Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Brooksby, J. B.

doi:10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60670-3

Cited by 62 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…They named these serotypes after their place of origin; O for the department of Oise in France and A for Allemagne (the French word for Germany). Their work was extended by Waldmann and Trautwein [15] with the discovery of a third serotype which was named serotype C. Later three additional serotypes were identified in samples originating from South Africa and they were named as Southern African Territories 1, 2 and 3 (SAT1, SAT2, SAT3) [16]. The seventh serotype, Asia-1, was initially detected in a sample collected from a water buffalo at Okara, Punjab, Pakistan in 1954 [17].…”

Section: Serotypes Of Fmdvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-and-mouth disease: past, present and future

Jamal

Belsham

2013

Vet Res

408

333

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, pigs, sheep and many wildlife species. It can cause enormous economic losses when incursions occur into countries which are normally disease free. In addition, it has long-term effects within countries where the disease is endemic due to reduced animal productivity and the restrictions on international trade in animal products. The disease is caused by infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a picornavirus. Seven different serotypes (and numerous variants) of FMDV have been identified. Some serotypes have a restricted geographical distribution, e.g. Asia-1, whereas others, notably serotype O, occur in many different regions. There is no cross-protection between serotypes and sometimes protection conferred by vaccines even of the same serotype can be limited. Thus it is important to characterize the viruses that are circulating if vaccination is being used for disease control. This review describes current methods for the detection and characterization of FMDVs. Sequence information is increasingly being used for identifying the source of outbreaks. In addition such information can be used to understand antigenic change within virus strains. The challenges and opportunities for improving the control of the disease within endemic settings, with a focus on Eurasia, are discussed, including the role of the FAO/EuFMD/OIE Progressive Control Pathway. Better control of the disease in endemic areas reduces the risk of incursions into disease-free regions.

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Section: Serotypes Of Fmdvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-and-mouth disease: past, present and future

Jamal

Belsham

2013

Vet Res

408

333

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“…Soon after, Waldmann and Trautwein in 1926 reported the existence of three immunologically distinct serotypes, A, B and C. Comparison of these virus types revealed that types A and B were the same as Vallée and Carré's types O and A, respectively, but type C was distinct [15]. Later in 1940s three distinct serotypes, designated as SAT-1, 2 and 3 were identified in Africa [14]. The seventh serotype, designated as Asia 1, was first recognized in the early 1950s amongst the viruses isolated from India in 1951 and 1952 [23].…”

Section: History Of Fmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-and-mouth Disease: Global Status and Future Road Map for Control and Prevention in India

et al. 2012

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a transboundary, economically devastating and highly contagious viral disease of livestock, most importantly cattle, buffalo and pig. The disease also affects goats, sheep, wild ruminant species and elephants. The causative FMD virus is antigenically diverse having seven distinct serotypes and many variants within them. Being a single stranded RNA virus, it confirms the quasispecies nature with emergences and reemergences of different genetic lineages with altered antigenicity within the serotypes, making vaccination based control programme a high cost effective, time consuming and difficult to achieve. As per the OIE and FAO, the disease is a major threat to food security of the world, and particularly the countries having the disease are more prone to food insecurity. Further, FMD free status is an indicator of development, and all developed countries are free from it. The disease is endemic in India and three serotypes of the virus viz; O, A and Asia1 are circulating. Annual direct loss due to FMD in India has been estimated at Rs. 20,000 crores. Many countries in the world are now free from FMD with or without vaccination and presence of the disease in other neighboring countries is a major threat to them. Countries having FMD face trade barrier posed by FMD free countries, causing heavy economic loss to the livestock industry. Progressive control pathway has been developed by FAO for global eradication of FMD. Vaccination based FMD control programme is in operation in India which involves biannual vaccinations of all cattle and buffaloes in selected areas, regular active surveillance and antibody monitoring in vaccinated population with the objective of creating FMD free zones. At present, the disease occurrence, severity of the clinical disease and number of outbreaks have progressively and substantially declined in the control zones as a result of last 10 rounds of vaccination with an oil adjuvanted trivalent inactivated vaccine. In this review, FMD scenario in India and in the world is briefed. Besides, the measures taken for the control and eradication of this devastating disease is presented. Besides, the initial success achieved through the FMD control programme in India, a road map for the control and eradication of FMD at national level is discussed.

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“…Seven distinct serotypes and numerous subtypes have been defined by serological analysis (Brooksby 1958). From studies on antisera raised against the purified isolated polypeptides, the major immunizing determinant for virus neutralization has been assigned to the specific virus protein, VPI (Laporte et al, 1973;Bachrach et al, 1975;Kaaden et al, 1977;Meloen et al, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%