The viscosity of nonpolar gases at normal pressures

Stiel, Leonard I.; Thodos, George

doi:10.1002/aic.690070416

Cited by 101 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Despite such differences, no values were discarded in obtaining the above deviations. Stiel and Thodos point out that the average deviations to be expected for the prediction of pure component values, as indicated by Equations (2) to (5), is 1.77% for nonpolar gases (13) and 2.59% for polar gases (14). However, for the pure components used in the systems of this study, the average deviations encountered by Stiel and Thodos range from 1.05 for methane t o 1.92% for hydrogen chloride.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viscosity of gas mixtures at normal pressures: Binary polar‐nonpolar systems

Hattikudur

Thodos

1971

AIChE Journal

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An interaction model i s presented for the prediction of viscosities a t normal pressures of gas mixtures containing a polar and a nonpolar constituent. This model is based an the princi l e of corresponding states and requires T R , the viscosity component . Sutherland (15), Wilke (19), and Yoon and Thodos (20). The development of these methods has been largely associated with the kinetic theory of nonpolar spherical molecules in their dilute gaseous state. Viscosity measurements available inand Cheung, Bromley, and Wilke ( 3 ) modify their developments for nonpolar gases to ac'count for the nature of the polar constituent in the mixture. The present study attempts to extend the application of the corresponding states theorem as used by Yoon and Thodos (20) for the viscosity of nonpolar gas mixtures to include polar constituents.A comprehensive literature search for the procurement of viscosity data of gas mixtures containing polar components showed that such information was limited to binary mixtures containing one polar and one nonpolar constituent. The only exception includes a ternary system with air as a nonpolar constituent. No experimental data could be found for polar-polar binary g a s mixtures. Consequently, this study i s limited to the analysis and interpretation of viscosity data of available polar-nonpolar binary mixtures. The paucity of viscosity data for polar gas mixtures extends even to polar-nonpolar binary mixtures and limits the polar constituent to be hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. These four substances are strongly polar a s indicated by their significant dipole moments (12). Substances such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide possessing weak dipole moments can be considered essentially nonpolar. Experimental information for polarnonpolar gas mixtures i s reported only by Chakraborti and Gray (2), Iwasaki et al. ( 9 ) , Jung and Schmick ( l o ) , and Trautz and co-workers (16 to 18). For polar-nonpolar gas mixtures, Mason and Monchick (11) TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DATAThe analysis developed in this study represents an extension of the method outlined by Yoon and Thodos (20) for nonpolar gas mixtures. Their method considers a mixture to be a pure substance and utilizes TL, the pseudocritical temperature of the mixture, to establish T R in order to obtain &Ern, the viscosity modulus for the mixture.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations ( l l ) , (127, (13), (14), and (15) enable the calculation of the interaction coefficients Aij and Bij for binary systems containing a polar and a nonpolar constituent. For each of the 14 binary systems examined, interaction coefficients have been calculated and these are included in Table 2.…”

Section: J'cjmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity of gas mixtures at normal pressures: Binary polar‐nonpolar systems

Hattikudur

Thodos

1971

AIChE Journal

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“…Viscosity parameters for mixtures trn of the binary systems included in this study were calculated by using Equation (5) and the binary interaction coefficients Bij with Equation ( 6 ) and Aii with Equations ( 7 ) , (8), and ( 9) , respectively. These calculated interaction coefficients are presented in Table 3 for the systems included in this study.…”

Section: Methods Of Wilkementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach utilizes Equation (6) and Equations ( 7 ) , ( 8 ) , or ( 9 ) for the calculation of the viscosity interaction model represented by Equation (5) …”

Section: 0mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viscosity of nonpolar gaseous mixtures at normal pressures

Yoonm

Thodos

1970

AIChE Journal

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The relationship between p * t and TR for nonpolar gases a t normal pressures is used to predict the viscosity for their mixtures. For such mixtures, pseudocritical temperatures are used t o obtain TR. T o establish tm for a mixture, a binary interaction model has been applied that utilizes composition and the 5 values of the pure components.Viscosities have been calculated for twenty binary systems which include helium and hydrogen.These calculated values produce an average deviation of 1.97% for 148 compositions. This method was also applied to the helium-neon-argon ternary system a t 100°C. to obtain for four mixtures examined a n average deviation of 2.2%.Several methods for the prediction of viscosity of gaseous mixtures at essentially atmospheric pressure have appeared in the literature. Noteworthy of mention are those proposed by Sutherland ( 9 ) , Wilke ( 1 7), and Curtiss and Hirschfelder (1 ) .For pure gases at nearly atmospheric pressure, Stiel and Thodos ( 8 ) , utilizing a dimensional analysis, show that viscosity is a unique function of T R and the system parameters 5 and zc as follows:( 1 ) A comparison of viscosities of several nonpolar gases indicates that p " t is independent of zc and that this product is a function of T R only. With the exception of hydrogen and helium, their study based on fifty nonpolar substances, including monatomic, diatomic, and polyatomic gases, produced a single relationship which can be expressed in equation form as follows: Page 300 AlChEEquations ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) , and (4) were derived from the relationships of Figure 1, developed by Stiel and Thodos (8).Dean and Stiel ( 2 ) , utilizing viscosities for nonpolar gaseous mixtures and the pseudocritical constants of Prausnitz and Gunn ( 5 ) , establish a relationship of ~" t , ,~ vs. T R that is nearly the same to that represented by Equation ( 2 ) .In this investigation an attempt is made to establish t,,, the viscosity parameter for a mixture, from the pure component values 5 in place of pseudocritical constants. This approach should offer a means for the establishment of this viscosity parameter for mixtures that bears directly on the composition of the mixture and not on its pseudocritical constants. T R E A T M E N T OF E X P E R I M E N T A L DATAViscosity measurements available in the literature for a number of binary systems were considered. These systems, including several which contain helium and hydrogen, along with the viscosity parameter of each component and sources of viscosity data of their mixtures are presented in Table 1. In Figure 2 are presented the viscosity measurements of Trautz and Melster ( 1 4 ) for the hydrogenoxygen system at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 26.9", 126.9", 226.9", and 276.9"C. To establish for this binary system values of the viscosity parameter potm,

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