The viscosity of polar substances in the dense gaseous and liquid regions

Stiel, Leonard I.; Thodos, George

doi:10.1002/aic.690100229

Cited by 51 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A considerable number of schemes have been developed for that purpose and the reader is referred to the book by Reid, Prausnitz and Poling [6] for a comprehensive discussion. Here we shall present only the scheme developed by Thodos and his collaborators [13][14][15]. The scheme of Thodos et al is based on the development of generalised equations for the excess transport properties as functions of the reduced density.…”

Section: Dense Fluids and Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transport Properties: Calculation

Assael¹,

Trusler²,

Tsolakis³

1996

Thermophysical Properties of Fluids

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In the previous chapter, a brief description of the kinetic theory was presented. We now consider appropriate applications of the theory to the prediction of transport properties of pure fluids and mixtures in the gaseous and liquid states. The methods chosen are those that have a reasonable connection with the theory and in which a transport property X is written:The critical enhancement AX C will not be considered further here. The dilute-gas term X 0 will be discussed first. Then, the estimation of the excess transport properties AX for compressed gases by the method of Thodos will be examined while, for liquids, the scheme proposed by Dymond and Assael will be presented. Finally, for the estimation of the viscosity and thermal conductivity of non-polar mixtures, the corresponding-states scheme of Ely and Hanley will be outlined.In Section 10.6, numerical examples based on these methods will be given. Dilute Gases and MixturesFor a dilute gas, the viscosity is given from Eq.(9.30) as f is generally taken as unity. This expression, although strictly applicable only to a monatomic gas, is used in practice as a correlating tool for many pure gases including those with polyatomic molecules. The reduced collision integral Q* = Q/(n

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Section: Dense Fluids and Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The density dependence of the transport properties may be estimated from the generalized correlation of the excess functions proposed by Thodos [13][14][15] and given in Table 10.3. In Example 10.4, these excess functions are employed in the estimation of the transport properties of ethane.…”

Section: Density Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Transport Properties: Calculation

Assael¹,

Trusler²,

Tsolakis³

1996

Thermophysical Properties of Fluids

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“…67 , 6 8 69 The fluids were separated into polar and nonpolar groups and further subdivided into classes of fluids. Both reduced temperature and reduced density were considered as variables.…”

Section: Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Regime Transitions at Elevated Pressures in Vertical Two-Phase Flow

Baker¹

1965

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This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work. Neither the UnitedStates, nor the Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission:A. Makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not infringe privately owned rights; or B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report.As used in the above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission" includes any employee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor, to the extent that such employee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor prepares, disseminates, or provides access to, any information pursuant to his employment or contract with the Commission, or his employment with such contractor.

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“…"Note: values of V13' alicl of (rn1 12)' givcll 101. colllpilt'iso11. Villucs of ral calculated via critic;ll constants (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Onscrger Cervi~y Rcrcliimentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermolecular interactions in nuclear magnetic resonance. X. A site-specific continuum model for the gas-to-liquid shifts of nonpolar solutes. Applications to proton medium shifts and the determination of cavity radii

Rummens¹

1976

Can. J. Chem.

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. RUMMENS. Can. J. Chem. 54, 254 (1976). Based on the Onsager reaction field theory of the dielectric polarization of a continuum, a-model has been developed to calculate the Van der Waals contribution U , to the gas-to-liquid medium shifts of nonpolar solutes. The addition of a site factor correction, to account for the off-center location of the measured nucleus in the solute molecule, provides a marked improvement. The agreement between experimental and calculated u,,~'s is good (k0.05 ppm), but a separate scale factor is required for each solute. This nonuniversality is shown to be related to the Onsager approximation for the solute cavity radius; a3 = 3VI/4rN2,. It is shown that Van der Waals shifts can be used for the determination of the Onsager cavity radii; for a number of molecules these cavity radii are given. It is claimed that this method is as precise, but much easier to apply, than the Bottcher-Onsager optical method.No evidence could be found for the existence of a u,? contribution to the medium shifts due to permanent electric dipoles of solvent molecules. Combination of experimental medium shifts in anisotropic solvents with calculated U , contributions allows the evaluation of the neighbor anisotropy contribution u,. The U , effect is found to be solute dependent; there is a V1-1/6 proportionality related to the molar volume Vl of the solute and in addition there are site effects with site factors both greater and less than unity, depending on molecular shape. The solvent dependence of U , includes not only the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy ax2 and the molar volume (V2-I/3) but also a term corresponding to the geometric anisotropy of the solvent molecule.The solvent CS2 is found to behave as an isotropic molecule.FRANS H. A. KUMMENS. Can. J. Chem. 54, 254 (1976). Fond6 sur la thCorie du champ de reaction d'onsager, un rnodele a CtC dCveloppe perrnettant le calcul de la contribution Van der Waals u , , sur les diplacements chirniques des solutCs nonpolaires en passant de1'Ctat gazeux B 1'Ctat liquide. L'iiiclusion d'un facteur de correction de site, tenant compte de la position non-centrale du noyeau considirk, apporte une arnilioration sensible. L'accord entre les U , calculCs et les U , observes est bon ( k0.05 ppm), mais une constante de multiplication, differente pour chaque solutC, est nicessaire. 11 a CtC dCmontrC que ce manque &universalit6 est cause par l'approximation d'onsager pour le rayon de la cavitC du solutC; a3 = 3 VI/4rNJ,. I1 est dCmontrC de plus que les dkplacernents chimiques Van der Waals peuvent &tre utilisCs pour la dktermination des rayons de cavitC Onsager; ces rayons de cavitC ont CtC donnCs pour un certain nornbre de molCcules. I1 est tenu pour certain que cette methode est aussi prCcise, rnais plus facile B utiliser, que la rnCthode optique de Bottcher-Onsager.11 n'a pas CtC possible de trouver une preuve quelconque en faveur ou contre l'existence d'une contribution u,? aux deplacernents chimiques de milieu due aux moments Clectriques permanents des rnolCcules d...

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The viscosity of polar substances in the dense gaseous and liquid regions

Cited by 51 publications

References 18 publications

Transport Properties: Calculation

Transport Properties: Calculation

Flow-Regime Transitions at Elevated Pressures in Vertical Two-Phase Flow

Intermolecular interactions in nuclear magnetic resonance. X. A site-specific continuum model for the gas-to-liquid shifts of nonpolar solutes. Applications to proton medium shifts and the determination of cavity radii

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