The vulnerability of the global container shipping network to targeted link disruption

Viljoen, Nadia; Joubert, Johan W.

doi:10.1016/j.physa.2016.06.111

Cited by 81 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Further studies will consider the ability of each port for tropical cyclone prevention, such as the number of shelters and protection structures. Moreover, if possible, further studies will use automatic identification system (AIS) data to construct a more intact maritime network in the Northwest Pacific and the northern Indian Ocean [34]. Finally, some particular ports may have necessary coordination and ship re-routing plans after port disruption occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability of the Maritime Network to Tropical Cyclones in the Northwest Pacific and the Northern Indian Ocean

Shen

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Maritime networks are one of the most important types of transportation networks in international logistics and it accounts for 90% of the global trade volume. However, the structure of maritime networks is severely impacted by tropical cyclones, especially the maritime network in the Northwest Pacific and the northern Indian Ocean. This paper investigates the vulnerability of the maritime network in the Northwest Pacific and the northern Indian Ocean to the influence of tropical cyclones through removing ports at high or very high tropical cyclones hazard levels and analyzing how the network structure characteristics change from a complex network point of view. From the results, we find that this maritime network is a small-world network and the degree distribution of ports follows a power law distribution. The ports in East Asia are impacted more severely by the tropical cyclones. Moreover, this maritime network exhibits some vulnerability to tropical cyclones. However, the interconnection of the survived ports is not severely impacted, when the network is attacked by tropical cyclones. The port system in the Philippines is most vulnerable to the influence of tropical cyclones, followed by the ports systems in Japan and China. The paper also shows that it is important for studies of maritime network vulnerability to identify the ports that are both important to the regional and cross-regional logistics and severely impacted by natural hazards. The findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the port layout and improving the ability of the network to resist damage caused by tropical cyclones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability of the Maritime Network to Tropical Cyclones in the Northwest Pacific and the Northern Indian Ocean

Shen

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…The rapid development of complex network theory is permeating into many different fields [39][40][41][42][43][44]. Some studies have shown that complex network theory can be used to quantitatively and qualitatively reflect various real network systems and reveal the complicated characteristics of the network [45].…”

Section: Complex Network Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have shown that complex network theory can be used to quantitatively and qualitatively reflect various real network systems and reveal the complicated characteristics of the network [45]. If a port is regarded as a node and there is any ship between two ports, the line between the two ports is regarded as an edge [39].…”

Section: Complex Network Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Pattern and Regional Relevance Analysis of the Maritime Silk Road Shipping Network

et al. 2018

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Under the strategy of "One Belt and One Road", this paper explores the spatial pattern and the status quo of regional trade relevance of the Maritime Silk Road shipping network. Based on complex network theory, a topological structure map of shipping networks for containers, tankers, and bulk carriers was constructed, and the spatial characteristics of shipping networks were analyzed. Using the mode of spatial arrangement and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, this paper further analyzes the traffic flow pattern of regional trade of three kinds of goods. It is shown that the shipping network of containers, tankers and bulk carriers are unevenly distributed and have regional agglomeration phenomena. There is a strong correlation between the interior of the region and the adjacent areas, and the port competition is fierce. Among them, the container ships network is the most competitive in the region, while the competitiveness of the tankers network is relatively the lowest. The inter-regional correlation is weak, and a few transit hub ports have obvious competitive advantages. The ports in Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia are the most significant. The research results combined with the Maritime Silk Road policy can provide reference for port construction, route optimization, and coordinated development of regional trade, which will help to save time and cost of marine transportation, reduce energy consumption, and promote the sustainable development of marine environment and regional trade on the Maritime Silk Road.

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“…Single layer studies on transportation systems are extensive covering air transport (Lordan et al, 2016(Lordan et al, , 2015Lordan, 2014;Lordan et al, 2014b;Sun et al, 2017;Zanin et al, 2009;Zanin and Lillo, 2013), maritime networks (Bartholdi and Jarumaneeroj, 2014;Ducruet et al, 2010a,b;Ducruet and Notteboom, 2012;Ducruet, 2016;González Laxe et al, 2012;Hu and Zhu, 2009;Fraser et al, 2014;Mohamed-Chérif and Ducruet, 2016;Pais Montes et al, 2012;Tsiostas and Polyzos, 2015;Viljoen and Joubert, 2016), train, bus, tram and subway systems (Criado et al, 2007;Kurant and Thiran, 2006a;Mouronte and Benito, 2012;Ouyang et al, 2014;Sen et al, 2003), and the structural properties and vulnerability of road networks (Crucitti et al, 2006;Duan and Lu, 2014;Gudmundsson and Mohajeri, 2013;Háznagy et al, 2015;Jiang, 2007;Jiang and Claramunt, 2004;Porta et al, 2012;Reggiani et al, 2011;Rupi et al, 2015;Strano et al, 2009;Zadeh and Rajabi, 2013).…”

Section: Transportation Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flexibility refers to the network's inherent ability to find alternative paths if the shortest paths are destroyed. Measuring flexibility is slightly more tricky, but most typically authors have used the clustering coefficient, arguing that well-connected neighbourhoods offer more rerouting options (Thadakamalla et al, 2004;Viljoen and Joubert, 2016).…”

Section: Vulnerability Of Multilayered Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Road most Travelled: The Impact of Urban Road Infrastructure on Supply Chain Network Vulnerability

Viljoen

Joubert

2017

Netw Spat Econ

Self Cite

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Making a supply chain more resilient and making it more efficient are often diametrically opposed objectives. Managers have to make informed trade-offs when designing their supply chain networks. There are many methods available to quantify and optimise efficiency. Unfortunately the same cannot be said for vulnerability and resilience. We propose a method to quantify the impact that a supply chain's dependence on the underlying transport infrastructure has on its vulnerability. The dependence relationship is modelled using multilayered complex network theory. We develop two metrics relating to the unique collection of shortest path sets namely redundancy and overlap. To test the relationships between these metrics and supply chain vulnerability we simulate progressive random link disruption of the urban road network and assess the impact this has on Fully Connected, Single Hub and Double Hub network archetypes. The results show that redundancy and overlap of the collection of shortest paths are significantly related to supply chain resilience, however under a purely random disturbance regime they hold no predictive power. This paper builds a foundation for a new field of inquiry into supply chain vulnerability by presenting a flexible mathematical formulation of the multilayered network and defining and testing two novel metrics that could be incorporated into supply chain network design decisions. Keywords supply chain vulnerability • urban road network • multilayer complex network • shortest paths • link betweenness This article has been published and should be cited as: Viljoen, N. M., & Joubert, J. W. (2018). The road most travelled: The impact of urban road infrastructure on supply chain network vulnerability. Networks and Spatial Economics, 18(1), 85-113.

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The vulnerability of the global container shipping network to targeted link disruption

Cited by 81 publications

References 53 publications

Vulnerability of the Maritime Network to Tropical Cyclones in the Northwest Pacific and the Northern Indian Ocean

Vulnerability of the Maritime Network to Tropical Cyclones in the Northwest Pacific and the Northern Indian Ocean

Spatial Pattern and Regional Relevance Analysis of the Maritime Silk Road Shipping Network

The Road most Travelled: The Impact of Urban Road Infrastructure on Supply Chain Network Vulnerability

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