The Wages of Women in England, 1260–1850

Humphries, Jane; Weisdorf, Jacob

doi:10.1017/s0022050715000662

Cited by 172 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, women's wages in England do not seem to have conformed to this pattern (Humphries and Weisdorf 2014). The early French fertility transition described by Weir (1984) after 1830 is consistent with rising living standards reducing the demand for children; a slightly rising age at marriage was accompanied by falling marital fertility.…”

Section: Demographic Transition and Economic Growthmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Economic-Demographic Interactions in Long-Run Growth

Foreman‐Peck

2015

Handbook of Cliometrics

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Cliometrics confirms that Malthus' model of the pre-industrial economy, in which increases in productivity raise population but higher population drives down wages, is a good description for much of demographic/economic history. A contributor to the Malthusian equilibrium was the Western European Marriage Pattern, the late age of female first marriage, which promised to retard the fall of living standards by restricting fertility. The demographic transition and the transition from Malthusian economies to modern economic growth attracted many Cliometric models surveyed here. A popular model component is that lower levels of mortality over many centuries increased the returns to, or preference for, human capital investment so that technical progress eventually accelerated. This initially boosted birth rates and population growth accelerated. Fertility decline was earliest and most striking in late eighteenth century France. By the 1830s the fall in French marital fertility is consistent with a response to the rising opportunity cost of children. The rest of Europe did not begin to follow until end of the nineteenth century. Interactions between the economy and migration have been modelled with Cliometric structures closely related to those of natural increase and the economy. Wages were driven up by emigration from Europe and reduced in the economies receiving immigrants.

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Section: Demographic Transition and Economic Growthmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Humphries and Weisdorf (2014) Family reconstitution entails tracing individuals from birth, through marriage and births of children to death. Adding up these individual reconstitutions across a parish potentially provides measures of life expectation, age at marriage, fertility and other indicators.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic-Demographic Interactions in Long-Run Growth

Foreman‐Peck

2015

Handbook of Cliometrics

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“…Some have argued that women's gains were even more marked than those of men as the labour shortage eroded the pre-existing gender division of labour. Women could now find employment in jobs which had earlier been reserved for 1290 1310 1330 1350 1370 1390 1410 1430 1450 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550 1570 1590 1610 1630 1650 1670 1690 1710 1730 1750 1770 1790 1810 Notes: The real wage is computed as the annual nominal wage divided by the annual cost of a consumption basket (see Humphries and Weisdorf, 2015). The annual wage is obtained by multiplying the daily wage rate by 260 days.…”

Section: The Black Death the Golden Age And Women's Economic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making work more equal

Grimshaw

Fagan²,

Hebson

et al. 2017

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This electronic version has been made freely available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, thanks to the support of The University of Manchester, which permits non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction provided the author(s) and Manchester University Press are fully cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. Details of the licence can be viewed at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ PrefaceThis book is inspired by, and dedicated to, Jill Rubery. Jill is a major figure in international debates on inequalities in work and employment. Her intellectual contributions are renowned for both their critical questioning of mainstream theoretical approaches, whether in economics, management, industrial relations or comparative systems, and their attention to real-world empirical detail. Jill's intellectual roots are with the influential Cambridge economics group researching labour market segmentation in the late 1970s and 1980s during a period when Keynesian economic thought was being eclipsed by neoclassical economics modelling. The research was inter-disciplinary, grounded in data (mostly involving case studies of firms) and driven by an ambitious intellectual agenda that developed theory while also illuminating practical matters of relevance to policy-makers and practitioners. During these Cambridge years, Jill developed a very important network of international friends and colleagues who formed the backbone of the International Working Party on Labour Market Segmentation, which Jill co-founded in 1979, and who provided the impetus for Jill's intellectual interest in comparative employment systems. Collaboration was an important characteristic of Jill's work then and continued following her move to Manchester in 1989 where for nearly three decades many colleagues have benefited enormously from working with her on high-profile research projects, publications and policy advisory work. This book has therefore been a rather strange experience for many of us because we are so used to talking through ideas and our writing with Jill. Her absence, dictated by the tradition of the Festschrift, feels wrong! We would like to say thank you to the 33 friends and colleagues of Jill who have contributed to this volume. We are very conscious that we were unable to invite many others due to MUP page-length restrictions, in particular many younger colleagues and ex-PhD students. We were able to expand the numbers somewhat by suggesting to several colleagues that they co-authored chapters in order to bring a greater number of Jill's friends into the book. These suggestions were generously accepted and we believe they have in fact proven very fruitful, especially in expanding the cross-national comparative scope of chapters. 1A new labour market segmentation approach for analysing inequalities: introduction and overview Damian Grimshaw, Colette Fagan, Gail Hebson and Isabel TavoraThere is a real need for a new multi-dimensional approach to understanding inequalities in work and employment. Face...

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“…Some have argued that women's gains were even more marked than those of men as the labour shortage eroded the pre-existing gender division of labour. Women could now find employment in jobs which had earlier been reserved for Notes: The real wage is computed as the annual nominal wage divided by the annual cost of a consumption basket (see Humphries and Weisdorf, 2015). The annual wage is obtained by multiplying the daily wage rate by 260 days.…”

Section: The Black Death the Golden Age And Women's Economic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%