The water bodies in the Southern East of Iraq before and after 2018

Abdullah, Zainab A; Abduljabbar, Hameed M.

doi:10.1063/5.0033124

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The land was implemented using supervised classification, which is based on the probabilities of pixels. [1,13,14] The study defines four different forms of land cover: (i)vegetation land (ii) water bodies (iii) soil, and (iv) Built up [20]. As the ultimate goal of these operations, classification is the most critical stage in digital image processing .After changes, information is extracted from the image, which can be characterized as an organizational way of aggregating comparable categories, or the process of transforming the image into an objective map containing similar categories .information on the phenomena in the categorized area [21] , where the pixels are divided into groups or categories These pixels are divided into categories based on their digital number spectrum standards [16].…”

Section: Pre-processing Satellite Image and Land Cover Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spectral interference often occurs in urban areas that contain surrounding plants. Often there is an overlap between the spectral reflectivity of urbanization with the spectral reflectivity of the rocky soil, because the spectral reflectivity of the two is similar, as rocks are an essential component of buildings [13,14].The main purpose of the research was to explore how different spectral indices affected the outcomes. These indices were created using satellite photos from 1999 to 2021, and analysis yielded change results for each of the time periods studied, displaying the size and type of changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Spectral Reflective Changes for Temporal Resolution of Land Cover (LC) for Two Different Seasons in central Iraq

Salman

Ramahi

2022

Iraqi Journal of Science

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The purpose of the study is the city of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, was chosen to study the spectral reflection of the land cover and to determine the changes taking place in the areas of the main features of the city using the temporal resolution of multispectral bands of the satellite Landsat 5 and 8 for MSS and OLI sensors respectively belonging to NASA and for the period 1999-2021, and calculating the increase and decrease in the basic features of Baghdad .The main conclusions of the study were, This study from 1999 to 2021 and in two different seasons: the Spring of the growing season and Summer the dry season. When using the supervised classification method to determine the differences, the results showed remarkable changes. Where he was in 1999 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 925km2 and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) 75.3km2 In the case of an increase during the growth period, while the values decreased during the period of dry to (NDVI) 390.8km2 and (NDWI) 51.9km2.As for Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) 1692.9km2 and Normalized Difference Built up Index (NDBI) 782.1km2 we notice a decrease in the growth period, while the values increase during the dry period to (SAVI) 2239.1km2 and (NDBI) 1495.7km2. In 2021 (NDVI) 242.7km2 (NDWI) 83.4km2 in the case of an increase during the growth period, while the values decreased during the period of dry to (NDVI) 122.2km2 and (NDWI) 73.2km2 .As for (SAVI) 3016.3km2 (NDBI) 1263.3km2 we notice a decrease in the growth period, while the values increase during the dry period to (SAVI) 3702.3km2 and (NDBI) 1882.2km2. Where most of the changes in LC were due to human activities, and the most prominent changes in LC were due to urban expansion on agricultural lands continuously in all years that resulted from land degradation.

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Section: Pre-processing Satellite Image and Land Cover Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Spectral Reflective Changes for Temporal Resolution of Land Cover (LC) for Two Different Seasons in central Iraq

Salman

Ramahi

2022

Iraqi Journal of Science

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“…Spectral overlap is common. There is often an overlap between the spectral reflectivity of urbanization and the spectral reflectivity of rocky soil in urban areas with surrounding vegetation, because the spectral reflectivity of the two is similar, and rocks are an essential component of buildings [9]. Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation the spectral reflectivity of Baghdad city for different bands using R.S and GIS techniques on December 2021

Hassan,

Hasson,

Khanjer

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The rapid advancement of remote sensing technology in recent years has made it easier to observe and study the Earth’s surface with greater precision. Satellite remote sensors have poor spatial accuracy and cannot provide accurate details of targets on the Earth’s surface. As a result, spectral accuracy is required to determine target details such as water, vegetation and soil types. Because of the differences in spectral reflectivity, these materials can be distinguished. The amount of randomly incident sunlight scattered on the Earth’s surface at a given wavelength is reflected in spectral reflection with different wavelengths. The amount of light reflected on the Earth’s surface varies, the spectral reflectivity is defined as the ratio of the spectral intensity of the reflected light to the incident light. In this study, 51 locations in downtown Baghdad were chosen for four different types of land cover (water bodies, farms, open areas, and residential areas), and their spectral reflectance was calculated on three different bands (RED, NIR and SWIR) for December 2021. The spectral reflectance was calculated using a mathematical equation using Sentinel 2 satellite images that had been processed and analyzed.

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Hydraulic behaviour and improving of water quality of the Chibayish Marshes

Al-Rikab

Abed

2022

Materials Today: Proceedings

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The water bodies in the Southern East of Iraq before and after 2018

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Detection of Spectral Reflective Changes for Temporal Resolution of Land Cover (LC) for Two Different Seasons in central Iraq

Detection of Spectral Reflective Changes for Temporal Resolution of Land Cover (LC) for Two Different Seasons in central Iraq

Evaluation the spectral reflectivity of Baghdad city for different bands using R.S and GIS techniques on December 2021

Hydraulic behaviour and improving of water quality of the Chibayish Marshes

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