The Water Quality of some Tropical Freshwater Bodies in Uyo (Nigeria) Receiving Municipal Effluents, Slaughter-House Washings and Agricultural Land Drainage

Akpan, A W

doi:10.1023/b:envr.0000046346.93401.5c

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The COD showed significant spatial variation across different stations of TS falling point of the canal (ANOVA: P < 0.05, F = 2.13162, df = 2). Akpan (2004) in corroboration to the present findings, reported intra-seasonal variation in COD in receiving stream showing greater variation in rainy season than that of dry season. Ahipathy and Puttaiah (2006) reported many fold increase of COD in downstream being 662 and 366 mg/l, respectively, than upstream in summer, which decreased to 180 and 74 mg/l respectively in rainy season in Vrishabhavathy River (Bangalore) and can be attributable to the dilution factor due to rain water in the canal.…”

Section: Codsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These results showed degraded water quality of the canal downstream, which are in consistence with the findings of earlier investigators (Stamou et al 1999;Ha and Bae 2001;Cotman et al 2001). The direct dumping of solid wastes and discharge of sewage effluents into streams had been identified as main contributing factor to enhanced BOD (Akpan 2004). The problem was acute during summer season as the metabolic activities of various aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms accelerated with increase in water temperature and there was considerable decrease in the flow of water.…”

Section: Bodsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The indiscriminate release of municipal sewage has severely deteriorated the aquatic environment leading nutrient enrichment of the receiving water body (Akpan 2004), affecting environmental health worldwide. The nutrients-NO 3 , PO 4 and SO 4 have been shown to have profound effect on the water quality of Osun river, Nigeria (Olajire and Imeokparia 2001), Notwane river in south-eastern Botswana (Mladenov et al 2005), Piracicaba River in Brazil (Luiza et al 1999), and Vrgorska river in Bosnia (Nives Stambuk 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of seasonal effects of municipal sewage pollution on the water quality of an urban canal—a case study of the Buckingham canal at Kalpakkam (India): NO3, PO4, SO4, BOD, COD and DO

Kumar

Reddy

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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The seasonal effects of untreated and treated municipal sewage on the nutrients-nitrate (NO(3)), phosphate (PO(4)), sulphate (SO(4)), and the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) of the receiving urban canal, the Buckingham canal at Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu, India) was monitored monthly during pre- monsoon-2005 to post-monsoon-2006. The NO(3), PO(4) and SO(4) contents were higher in the downstream than that of the upstream of the outfall points of treated as well as untreated sewage, of the canal. The NO(3) and PO(4) contents were higher during summer than that of monsoon; however the SO(4) was higher during winter and lower during summer in the canal water. The BOD and COD were lower and DO was higher at the upstream than that of downstream of the canal. The concentrations of BOD and COD were higher during summer season, which decreased during monsoon season, while the DO decreased during the summer season and increased in monsoon season in the canal water. Cluster analysis applied to the six sampling points of the canal, has grouped them based on the water quality similarities.

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Section: Codsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Bodsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of seasonal effects of municipal sewage pollution on the water quality of an urban canal—a case study of the Buckingham canal at Kalpakkam (India): NO3, PO4, SO4, BOD, COD and DO

Kumar

Reddy

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The low electrical conductivity value in this study was expected as this is a fresh water ecosystem. Turbidity was above the WHO permissible limit and this may be attributed to the ecosystem which was a black water and high intrusion of allochthonous substances (suspended and colloidal matters) into the water (Akpan, 2004). Total dissolved solids and total suspended solids were below their permissible limits.…”

Section: Influence Of Water Variables On Macrophyte Distributionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of Hydrological Variables on Macrophytes in a Black Water River Ecosystem

Anwana¹,

Ogbemudia²,

Ita³

et al. 2021

jasem

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This study assessed the influence of hydrological variables on macrophytes in a Black Water River ecosystem of Enyong River in Itu and Ibiono Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom and Cross Rivers States, Nigeria. Four vegetation plots were chosen and in each of the plots, four belt transect were laid. In each transect, macrophyte were systematically sampled in four 10 m × 10 m quadrat at regular intervals. Macrophytes were identified to species level and their frequency and density determined. Water samples were obtained in each quadrat where the macrophytes were sampled and analyzed for their physicochemical properties using standardized methods. Altogether, 10 macrophyte species were encountered. Vossia cuspidata had the highest density (100.00±8.00 st/ha) and frequency values (100 %). Sacciolepis africana had the least density of 7.10±0.45 st/ha while Ludwigia octovalvis, Persicaria senegalensis, andSacciolepis africana had the least frequency of 25 %, respectively. The pH of the water was strongly acidic (5.54±0.03), electrical conductivity was low (20.00±5.77 µs/cm), temperature (29.00±1.10 ºC), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (9.20±0.12 mg/l) and turbidity (7.10±0.06 NTU) values were high while Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) (2.00±0.29 mg/l) Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (10.00±0.29 mg/l) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were low (5.00±1.15 mg/l). Water Nutrients followed this decreasing order; chloride (3.55±0.02 mg/l) > nitrate (2.45±0.03 mg/l) > sulphate (2.02±0.06 mg/l) > phosphate (0.08±0.01 mg/l) and sulphide (0.03±0.02 mg/l). Heavy metals also followed this descending order; Pb (0.50±0.03 mg/l) > Zn (0.07±0.02 mg/l) > Cu (0.03±0.02 mg/l). Canonical Correspondence Analysis delineated 11 hydrological variables (temperature, pH, sulphate, turbidity, phosphate, BOD, nitrate, DO, TDS, sulphide and TSS) which exerted great influence on macrophyte distribution. V. cuspidata had affinity to pH and temperature, Sacciolepis africana had affinity to turbidity and BOD, Ludwigia octovalvis and Nymphaea lotus had affinity to sulphate and chloride, respectively, while Ipomoea aquatica and Alternanthera sessils had affinity to phosphate. On the other hand, Persicaria senegalensis, Salvinia molesta, Azolla pinnata and Ceratophyllum demersum had affinities to sulphide, DO, TSS and TDS, respectively. Since hydrological variables regulate macrophyte diversity and distribution, this study calls for consistent, monitoring and management of this ecosystem against future environmental changes. Keywords: Aquatic plants, Black water, Canonical Correspondence Analysis, Ordination

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“…The chemical composition of the groundwater approximately 250m from the abattoir site was found unsatisfactory as raw water source for drinking purposes. The discoveries were shared by other resources like Akpan (2004). Abattoirs are frequently located near urban centers and enormous amounts of wastes are produced in relatively small areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Effluent Produced from Ntak Inyang and Iba Oku Slaughterhouses Environment

Ukpong¹

2012

Glo Jnl Eng Res

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The characteristics of effluent produced in Uyo Capital city slaughterhouses located at Ntak Inyang and Iba Oku were monitored by water and wastewater parameters. The wastewater from the slaughterhouses generally shows a high pollutant strength. The BOD value of 7.25mg/l, DO value of 0.21mg/l, nutrient values of 1.14 and 1.25mg/l, respectively. The heavy metals concentrations recorded are 0.05, 15.5, 16.05, 0.75 and 0.10mg/l for cadmium, zinc, copper, iron and lead with several million colony forming units (CFU) 100ml of total coliform and other bacteria. The presence of pathogens such as E.coli and others were also present. Effluents from the abattoir sites were found not to increase the BOD, NO 3-, PO 3-4 , Cd, Fe, Pb, Cu and Zn values of the surface water. These values were lower than the WHO/FMENV limits, due to dilution from the heavy down pours during sampling. The present of microbial populations in the surface water indicate the risk of human infections in the study area.

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The Water Quality of some Tropical Freshwater Bodies in Uyo (Nigeria) Receiving Municipal Effluents, Slaughter-House Washings and Agricultural Land Drainage

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Assessment of seasonal effects of municipal sewage pollution on the water quality of an urban canal—a case study of the Buckingham canal at Kalpakkam (India): NO3, PO4, SO4, BOD, COD and DO

Assessment of seasonal effects of municipal sewage pollution on the water quality of an urban canal—a case study of the Buckingham canal at Kalpakkam (India): NO3, PO4, SO4, BOD, COD and DO

Influence of Hydrological Variables on Macrophytes in a Black Water River Ecosystem

The Impact of Effluent Produced from Ntak Inyang and Iba Oku Slaughterhouses Environment

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