The Water Relations of Barley Grown Continually or After Fallow Under Semi-Arid Conditions

Orphanos, P. I.; Metochis, C.

doi:10.1017/s0014479700024674

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…While the studies showed a wide range of critical soil nitrate in relation to yield responses (30-100 mg NO 3 kg À1 ) in the 0-15 cm soil layer, the author concluded that tissue testing was a more reliable guide for N fertilization application rates (Papastylianou, 1997). Reinforcing the argument for substituting an economic crop instead of fallow, Orphanos and Metochis (1994) showed that contrary to established belief, the efficiency of fallow in these rotations was low; in only 4 of the 12 years did fallow add more than 45 mm of moisture to the following cereal, and in some years the moisture conserved from fallow was less than in cropped rotations.…”

Section: West Asiamentioning

confidence: 76%

Long‐Term Cereal‐Based Rotation Trials in the Mediterranean Region: Implications for Cropping Sustainability

Ryan

Singh

Pala

2008

Advances in Agronomy

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8. Lessons Learned 309 9. Future Strategies 311 Acknowledgments 312 References 312With increasing global populations particularly in developing countries, and a limited or even shrinking supply of arable land, the challenge to agriculture is to meet the world's food and fiber needs without reducing the capacity of the resource base (soil and water) to enable guaranteed production for posterity and also to accommodate society's environmental and energy concerns. The issue of production sustainability is all the more acute in semi-arid and arid regions of the world where drought and related biophysical factors create a fragile and uncertain environment for production. In the West, mainly in temperate regions, long-term agronomic trials have been invaluable in identifying new technologies and crop management systems that have contributed to enhanced crop output that is sustainable from the biological, environmental, and economical standpoints. Many of these trials continue to guide cropping trends into the foreseeable future. The Mediterranean region has served climatic constraints to its agriculture and despite being cultivated for millennia, it is largely food deficient. Yet long-term cropping experiments that could direct agricultural production in a sustainable manner are relatively rare, and even most of such trials are of recent vintage. This review offers a background perspective on factors related to crop, production, and subsequently examines the various multiyear cropping system/ tillage trials in countries of North Africa and West Asia that border the Mediterranean. Special emphasis is given to the wide range of trials conducted in Syria by the International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas across a range of rainfall zones that are typical of the region as a whole. The goal of many trials was to identify cropping systems as a substitute for fallow and continuous cereal cropping with implications for improved water-use efficiency (WUE), crop quality, soil quality, and fertilizer use. Lessons learned from the trials are highlighted as well as future directions for cropping systems research.

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Section: West Asiamentioning

confidence: 76%

Long‐Term Cereal‐Based Rotation Trials in the Mediterranean Region: Implications for Cropping Sustainability

Ryan

Singh

Pala

2008

Advances in Agronomy

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“…One basis for using fallow is to increase water availability for a following crop. In a 12‐yr study of water relations of continuous barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and fallow–barley systems, Orphanos and Metochis (1994) found significant water storage in 3 of the 12 yr. Only once was the fallow–barley grain yield increased. Similarly, our study suggests that N availability is important and probably can be enhanced with water that is stored in the previous year if rainfall during the growing season is poor, such as in 1995.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soybean Plant Populations in a Soybean and Maize Rotation

Ennin¹,

Clegg

2001

Agronomy Journal

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findings that, when available, soil N is the main source of N for soybean growth rather than N fixation (Her-Plant population of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] may influridge and Brockwell, 1988). Thus, growing soybean can ence the residual N contribution to a cropping system and yield beneresult in a net depletion of soil N (Zapata et al., 1987). fits to following cereals. Field studies were conducted from 1994 to 1996 on a N-depleted Sharpsburg silty clay loam soil at Mead, NE High amounts of N are removed by harvested soybean to: (i) determine soybean yield at different plant populations; (ii) seeds (144 and 169 kg N ha Ϫ1 , Clement et al., 1992; investigate residual N, chlorophyll-N-yield relations, and yield bene-150-200 kg N ha Ϫ1 , Varvel and Peterson, 1992). This fits from these different soybean populations to a following maize 12678. Work supported in part by the Canadian Int. Dev. Agency (CIDA).

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“…Conservation of soil water during fallow has been called upon as an explanation of increased yields after fallow [ 43 ]. Under the climatic conditions of Cyprus, fallow did not always result in water storage in soil and this water had not always a positive effect to the subsequent cereal [ 44 ]. Carry over soil moisture should be expected to be greater in nutrient poor soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Nitrogen Effect of Common Agricultural Practices and Rotation Systems in a Rainfed Mediterranean Environment

Dalias

Neocleous

2017

Plants

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The nitrogen (N) effect of legumes is one of the main reasons for their inclusion in rotation systems and their success in rainfed agriculture of Mediterranean areas. The comparative analysis of this effect in relation to alternative systems or practices is essential for a comprehensive appreciation in their merit. This field experiment was comprised of four three-year rotation cycles. Wheat (Triticum turgidum durum) was seeded for two consecutive years after common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), treated in three different ways, and after fallow and compared with three wheat monocultures: the conventional one, the continuous straw incorporation, and the sewage sludge incorporation once every three years. Wheat grain and straw yields and N uptake were compared among treatments. Results showed that rotation systems that included vetch were the most promising for improving sustainability. Maximum N uptake and the greatest yield surpluses were obtained when wheat followed vetch incorporated during flowering. When vetch in the rotation was cut for hay or left to fill grains subsequent wheat showed also enhanced yields. Fallow affected the rotation system’s fertility due to the incorporation of volunteer plants into the soil. Sewage sludge sustained production without the need for inorganic fertilization during three years. Straw incorporation always gave the smallest yields and N harvests, presumably due to soil N immobilization.

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The Water Relations of Barley Grown Continually or After Fallow Under Semi-Arid Conditions

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Long‐Term Cereal‐Based Rotation Trials in the Mediterranean Region: Implications for Cropping Sustainability

Long‐Term Cereal‐Based Rotation Trials in the Mediterranean Region: Implications for Cropping Sustainability

Effect of Soybean Plant Populations in a Soybean and Maize Rotation

Comparative Analysis of the Nitrogen Effect of Common Agricultural Practices and Rotation Systems in a Rainfed Mediterranean Environment

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