The Ways to Maintain Sustainable China-Europe Block Train Operation

Besharati, Babak; Gansakh, Gansakh; Liu, Feifei; Zhang, Xiaomin; Xu, Ming Zhe

doi:10.11114/bms.v3i3.2490

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Li [2] proposed the optimization strategy of China Railway Express from the aspects of optimizing node construction, strengthening the facilities and equipment of the station, improving service quality, and enriching transportation products. Besharati [3] analyzed the reasons for the rapid development of China Railway Express transportation and detailed the subsidy policy provided by the Chinese provincial government to China Railway Express. Li [4] used the product life cycle theory to divide the life cycle of China's railway express transportation and analyzed its stage characteristics and planning objectives.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 China-Europe Shipping service fees include the booking fee, port operation fee, customs declaration fee, document fee, customs sealing fee, container operation fee, information entry fee, customs clearance fee, container loaded fee, etc. 3 China Railway Express trunk line transportation fee contains domestic government subsidies. 4 The average road distance is half of the distance between the Zhengzhou departure station of China Railway Express and Tianjin Port.…”

Section: Economicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Sustainable Transport Competitiveness Analysis of the China Railway Express in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

Lang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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The implementation of China’s Belt and Road Initiative macro strategy has promoted exchanges and cooperation between China and Europe and countries along the route. The operation of the China Railway Express provides a new transportation platform for China–Europe trade. The sustainable development of the China Railway Express has a great significance in terms of promoting the growth of China–Europe trade and meeting the demand for freight in Asia and Europe. Its time-saving advantage over shipping and its economic advantage over air transport cannot be ignored. This paper is based on the discrete selection model of stochastic utility theory. The paper constructs a multi-logit model based on generalized cost functions, including economics, timeliness, reliability, convenience, safety, and environmental protection. To calculate the market share of the China Railway Express and China–Europe Shipping, the paper conducts a quantitative analysis of the market competitiveness of the China Railway Express. Then, the sensitivity analysis and elastic analysis are carried out on the China Railway Express freight rate, the Chinese road freight rate, the China Railway Express service fee, the China Railway Express travelling speed, the China Railway Express sending operation time at the departure station, the China Railway Express transportation time error, the China Railway Express transportation frequency, and the China Railway Express carbon emissions per unit. Finally, based on the analysis results, suggestions for promoting the sustainable development of the China Railway Express are given.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economicmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable Transport Competitiveness Analysis of the China Railway Express in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

Lang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…Based on the analysis of the problems in the operation of China Railway Express, a series of corresponding strategies are listed and an index system is established from five aspects to give advice on the high quality operation management of China Railway Express [2,3]. In addition, Besharati et al make a detailed analysis on the government subsidy policy of China Railway Express from the perspective of sustainable development [4]. Wang mainly studies the difference of transport costs between rail and sea transportation, especially the main types and value of goods of China Railway Express.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, some scholars use mathematical models to conduct research. To be specific, most studies of China Railway Express can be partitioned into the following groups: the operation situation [1][2][3][4][5][6]30,31], optimization of transportation organization [7][8][9][10][11][12], as well as the consolidation center [13][14][15][16]. Less research on railway port stations is conducted.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Organization Optimization for Inbound China Railway Express at Alataw Pass Railway Station

2019

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Recently, in the context of “The Belt and Road” Initiative, the China Railway Express, which has a high volume and spans a long distance has greatly facilitated the construction of international freight transport corridors between developed and developing countries. To ensure sustainable development, this paper introduces an optimization problem of a container distribution organization scheme for the China Railway Express resulting from the major existing problems arising in railway port stations, which is a special and crucial link in transportation organization of the China Railway Express. The problem of a long dwell time of inbound trains is typically concerned with the operation process in railway port stations. Taking various real-world influencing factors of efficiency into account, this paper formulates a distribution organization optimization model to minimize the total container-hours of inbound China Railway Express at Alataw Pass railway station. Subsequently, a solution method based on the main idea of a genetic algorithm is developed to solve the problem, and two examples of different modes of transportation organization are given for validating the effectiveness of the model. Finally, we compare the results between two modes under different orders of magnitude according to the characteristics of sustainability to discuss the possible change and development of the China Railway Express in the future.

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“…For instance, the government of Zhengzhou subsidizes the operation of CR Express (Zhengzhou-Europe) to cover the freight cost gap between the CR Express and ocean shipping [1]. The subsidy information of some CR Express routes [1,2] is shown in Table 1. At the early stage of development, the subsidy does exert positive effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

China Railway Express Subsidy Model Based on Game Theory under “the Belt and Road” Initiative

et al. 2020

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China Railway Express (CR Express) is an emerging freight transport mode between China and Europe, which provides a new option in addition to air transport and ocean shipping. At the initial stage of development, due to the higher freight costs compared to ocean shipping, the government subsidy provided for the China Railway Express operator plays an important role in the process of market cultivation. The original intention of the government subsidy was to promote the rapid and sustainable development of China Railway Express and the further subsidy scheme should encourage China Railway Express operators to act towards the expected goal of the local government. This research is devoted to modeling and solving the problem of optimal subsidy amount in the operation of China Railway Express. Firstly, a subsidy model is established with the consideration of different objectives of local government and China Railway Express operator, which are affected by the operational effort level of the China Railway Express operator, actual freight rate and the highest freight rate that the shipper is willing to pay. Then, the validity of the proposed model is analyzed in the case study of the China Railway Express line (Wuhan-Hamburg). The effects of different subsidy amounts on the social benefits of local government and profits of the China Railway Express operator are analyzed and the sensitivity analysis is carried on the operational effort level of China Railway Express operator and the highest freight rate that shipper is willing to pay. The analysis results show that the optimal subsidy amount is between 2000 and 2500 USD per Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit (FEU). Finally, suggestions are proposed according to the analysis results. These findings can provide useful references for promoting the sustainable development of China Railway Express.

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The Ways to Maintain Sustainable China-Europe Block Train Operation

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

A Sustainable Transport Competitiveness Analysis of the China Railway Express in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

A Sustainable Transport Competitiveness Analysis of the China Railway Express in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

Distribution Organization Optimization for Inbound China Railway Express at Alataw Pass Railway Station

China Railway Express Subsidy Model Based on Game Theory under “the Belt and Road” Initiative

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