The weight of islands: Leveraging Grenada's material stocks to adapt to climate change

Symmes, Rob; Fishman, Tomer; Telesford, John N.; Singh, Simron; Tan, Su-Yin; Kroon, Kristen De

doi:10.1111/jiec.12853

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“… 20 This novel method can also provide an improved high-resolution mapping to investigate urbanization, urban form, and infrastructure developments and inform infrastructure vulnerability studies. 36 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Maps of Material Stocks in Buildings and Infrastructures in Austria and Germany

Haberl

Wiedenhofer

Schug

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The dynamics of societal material stocks such as buildings and infrastructures and their spatial patterns drive surging resource use and emissions. Two main types of data are currently used to map stocks, night-time lights (NTL) from Earth-observing (EO) satellites and cadastral information. We present an alternative approach for broad-scale material stock mapping based on freely available high-resolution EO imagery and OpenStreetMap data. Maps of built-up surface area, building height, and building types were derived from optical Sentinel-2 and radar Sentinel-1 satellite data to map patterns of material stocks for Austria and Germany. Using material intensity factors, we calculated the mass of different types of buildings and infrastructures, distinguishing eight types of materials, at 10 m spatial resolution. The total mass of buildings and infrastructures in 2018 amounted to ∼5 Gt in Austria and ∼38 Gt in Germany (AT: ∼540 t/cap, DE: ∼450 t/cap). Cross-checks with independent data sources at various scales suggested that the method may yield more complete results than other data sources but could not rule out possible overestimations. The method yields thematic differentiations not possible with NTL, avoids the use of costly cadastral data, and is suitable for mapping larger areas and tracing trends over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Maps of Material Stocks in Buildings and Infrastructures in Austria and Germany

Haberl

Wiedenhofer

Schug

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…However, these publications do not include studies on the circulation of material flows in shorter time scales. Only three research works have been identified as studying the relationship between a disaster and the development of metabolism: Symmes et al [36] study the consequences of a natural disaster (a cyclone and a rise in sea level) on building materials present on the Island of Grenada; Quinn [37] analyzes the impact of post-Katrina reconstruction on the New Orleans' metabolism; and Wildenberg and Singh [38] study the consequences of the 2005 tsunami and reconstruction on the socio-ecological system of the island of Kamorta, in the Nicobar archipelago. However, these works do not specifically concern disaster waste management.…”

Section: Specific Methodological Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Hurricane Irma on the Metabolism of St. Martin’s Island

2020

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Due to their sometimes devastating and, at the same time, transformative effects, the impacts of major hurricanes on small islands leave their mark both on the way territories operate and on their future development. This was the case during the passage of hurricane Irma over the island of Saint Martin in 2017. By analyzing the stocks and circulation of hurricane waste flows, our aim was to see whether the inherent evolution of Saint Martin’s metabolism as a result of the island’s total destruction tended toward a lasting transformation of its waste management system and, therefore, toward the territory’s sustainability. This evolution was analyzed in a diachronic approach and over a short time frame. It was based on three structuring territorial metabolism dimensions: the intensity of waste flows, the spatial structure of the metabolism and the actors and techniques that explain it. Results show that while the intensity of the waste flows changed durably after Irma, the lasting transformation of the spatial structure and the actor system was less obvious and depended on the waste stream. Results also reveal the importance of reflecting on the development of recycling and reuse methods as a solution for improving post-hurricane waste planning on islands.

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“…It is also relevant to compare these indicators with those of the small islands that have already been studied [3,7,8,20]. The DMC in Iceland and in Trinidad are around 23 and 17 tons/capita/year, which is quite similar to New Caledonia (29.3 tons/capita/year).…”

Section: Spatialization Of Nexus: the Materials Footprint Of Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These indicators are often combined with economic indicators to reveal the efficiency of productive systems and consumption patterns. Pioneer work has been carried out on the islands of Iceland, Trinidad, Grenada, or Samothraki in Greece [3][4][5][6][7] that has enabled, in very different contexts, us to understand the metabolic profiles of these islands and to describe the perspectives for local sustainability. Comparing resource consumption and the evolution of the gross domestic product (GDP) over a long period of time is also an expected objective of this research field, such as in the work of Martinico-Perez et al [8], who conducted a study of the socio-economic metabolism of the Philippine archipelago, in order to understand the evolution of island environmental pressures.…”

Section: Research On the Metabolism Of Islands: What Resilience And Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Metal-Energy-Construction Mineral” Nexus in the Island Metabolism: The Case of the Extractive Economy of New Caledonia

et al. 2020

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The concept of island metabolism strives to implement the principles of social ecology at the island scale. It is, therefore, a question of analyzing the flows of materials and energy passing through these territories, as well as the resource base needed to sustain their activities. We propose to develop a nexus approach to the New Caledonian island metabolism to understand the interactions between biophysical structures and societal, as well as economic, activities. Metals, construction minerals, and energy are good symbols of economies based on the extraction of non-renewable resources. This is why, in this article, we sought to investigate how the “metal-energy-construction mineral” nexus can affect the resilience and metabolic sustainability of the extractive island of New Caledonia. We carried out the Material and Energy Flow Analysis (MEFA) of each nexus subsystem for 2016 and of the nodes of interdependence. We also interrogated the role of importing countries because the island’s metabolism is dominated by the nickel extraction industry. Indeed, the metabolic profile of this island corresponds to the one of a supply territory for other consumption territories. The latter outsource the impacts of their own consumption to New Caledonia. Finally, based on interviews with economic stakeholders, we studied the potential building blocks for the emergence of an industrial symbiosis in the nexus.

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The weight of islands: Leveraging Grenada's material stocks to adapt to climate change

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

High-Resolution Maps of Material Stocks in Buildings and Infrastructures in Austria and Germany

High-Resolution Maps of Material Stocks in Buildings and Infrastructures in Austria and Germany

The Impact of Hurricane Irma on the Metabolism of St. Martin’s Island

The “Metal-Energy-Construction Mineral” Nexus in the Island Metabolism: The Case of the Extractive Economy of New Caledonia

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