The Welfare State and the Cultural Reproduction of Gender: Making Good Girls and Boys in the Job Corps

Quadagno, Jill; Fobes, Catherine

doi:10.1525/sp.1995.42.2.03x0109e

Cited by 10 publications

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“…As Connell (1995Connell ( , 2000 noted, even these concepts must be used carefully because multiple masculinities and femininities exist, and people practice, and are held accountable to, specific kinds depending on their bodies (health, attractiveness), class, race/ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, age, nation, and other social statuses. Dynamics at work associated with varying forms of masculinities-for example, competitive/controlling/paternalistic (Collinson and Hearn 1994;Maier and Messerschmidt 1998) or affiliating (Yancey Martin 2001)-and of femininities-for example, flirtatious, sexy, mothering/nurturing (Bruni, Gherardi, and Poggio forthcoming;Dellinger and Williams 2002;Pierce 1995;Pringle 1989;Pyke 1996;Quadagno and Fobes 1995;Yancey Martin 1998)-need to be more extensively addressed.…”

Section: Gendering Practices Practicing Gender: a Two-sided Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Said and Done” Versus “Saying and Doing”

2003

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Recently, the study of gender has focused on processes by which gender is brought into social relations through interaction. This article explores implications of a two-sided dynamic-gendering practices and practicing of gender-for understanding gendering processes in formal organizations. Using stories from interviews and participant observation in multinational corporations, the author explores the practicing of gender at work. She defines practicing gender as a moving phenomenon that is done quickly, directionally (in time), and (often) nonreflexively; is informed (often) by liminal awareness; and is in concert with others. She notes how other conceptions of gender dynamics and practice inform the analysis and argues that adequate conceptualization (and potential elimination) of harmful aspects of gendering practices/practicing will require attention to (1) agency, intentionality, awareness, and reflexivity; (2) positions, power, and experience; and (3) choice, accountability, and audience. She calls for incorporating the "sayings and doings" of gender into organization theory and research.More than a decade ago, social science and humanities scholars started conceptualizing gender as a dynamic process, as practice, as what people say and do, in addition to such static properties as an identity, social status, what is learned via socialization, a system of stratification, and so on. This development occurred rapidly. I wrote an article in the late 1980s in which I used the term gendering to mean gender/ gendered practices in a way that was unconventional at the time (Yancey Martin

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Section: Gendering Practices Practicing Gender: a Two-sided Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Said and Done” Versus “Saying and Doing”

2003

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“…However, the interplay of local situations shaping the economic resources and health disparities of differing segments of the population will clearly affect how many people are actually able to enter into retirement. These factors are well documented and not the focus here, since the goal is to clarify the cultural definition, not the processes, of retirement nor its evolving population profile and diversity (ethnicity, gender, class) within those industrialized economies that condition the behavioral and population distribution of 'retirement' patterns (for example, O'Rand & Henretta 2002;Quadagno & Fobes, 1995, Calasanti, 1996Zsembik & Singer, 1990). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Concept of Retirement: An Analytic Redefinition

Luborsky

LeBlanc

2003

Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology

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A cross-cultural valid analytic definition of retirement remains elusive in gerontology despite a long tradition of research on the topic. Inadequate attention has been paid to consistently defining the key concepts used to examine retirement and to specifying its occurrence in non-Western, nonindustrial societies. This paper critically reviews basic cultural tenets in the notion of retirement, and proposes a more comparatively valid definition. It then proposes a three part comparative categorization by exploring retirement in contemporary Western nations and comparing it with retirement-like practices from a range of non-Western cultures including Thai, Chinese, Ladak, Fulani, Lusi and Aymara.

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“…Although research documents social reproduction and resistance in welfare programs (e.g., Miller 1991;Quadagno and Forbes 1995;Trethewey 1997), few studies have examined these phenomena in MDPs. In this section, we offer a brief history of and consider the ways in which MDPs reflect the individualization and fragmentation that characterize social services in the "welfare reform" era.…”

Section: Literature Review and Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D espite their role in helping the disadvantaged, traditional welfare agencies have been criticized for promoting discourses and practices that reinforce the dominance of white, masculine, and middle class society (Quadagno and Forbes 1995;Rose 1995). However, clients are far more than passive recipients of social services and organizational labeling (Trethewey 1997;Naples 1998;Dennis 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Resistance and Accommodation in a Post-Welfare Social Service Organization

Jurik

Cavender

Cowgill

2009

Journal of Contemporary Ethnography

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This article explores the complex and contradictory dynamics of client resistance to organizational rules and staff definitions in a nonprofit microenterprise development program. Micro-Enterprise, Inc. offers training and small loans to economically disadvantaged individuals who want to operate very small businesses. Although claiming to avoid the judgmental aspects of past social welfare programs, program staff recruited the "right type" of client. Individuals who did not conform to these classifications were disadvantaged in the program. Yet, clients were far from passive in these matters. They used fluid and convergent strategies to accommodate, reconstruct, and resist the dominant program discourse. Some strategies were individualistic whereas others were more collective; some strategies produced organizational change; others reinforced negative views of the poor. Over time, concerns about client resistance and funders' perceptions led to a series of program changes. These changes reduced the opportunities for collective client resistance to organizational rules and staff control. These findings also reveal the situated nature of resistance strategies.

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The Welfare State and the Cultural Reproduction of Gender: Making Good Girls and Boys in the Job Corps

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

“Said and Done” Versus “Saying and Doing”

“Said and Done” Versus “Saying and Doing”

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Concept of Retirement: An Analytic Redefinition

Resistance and Accommodation in a Post-Welfare Social Service Organization

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