The widespread and unjust drinking water and clean water crisis in the United States

Mueller, J. Tom; Gasteyer, Stephen

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23898-z

Cited by 138 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The escalating global water shortage motivates sustainable water resource management for supplying clean, safe, and adequate water ( 1 , 2 ). To date, reverse osmosis (RO) has become a leading technology to address the severe shortages in fresh water supply through desalination and wastewater reuse ( 3 , 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-organic framework enables ultraselective polyamide membrane for desalination and water reuse

et al. 2022

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While reverse osmosis (RO) is the leading technology to address the global challenge of water scarcity through desalination and potable reuse of wastewater, current RO membranes fall short in rejecting certain harmful constituents from seawater (e.g., boron) and wastewater [e.g., N -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)]. In this study, we develop an ultraselective polyamide (PA) membrane by enhancing interfacial polymerization with amphiphilic metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoflakes. These MOF nanoflakes horizontally align at the water/hexane interface to accelerate the transport of diamine monomers across the interface and retain gas bubbles and heat of the reaction in the interfacial reaction zone. These mechanisms synergistically lead to the formation of a crumpled and ultrathin PA nanofilm with an intrinsic thickness of ~5 nm and a high cross-linking degree of ~98%. The resulting PA membrane delivers exceptional desalination performance that is beyond the existing upper bound of permselectivity and exhibited very high rejection (>90%) of boron and NDMA unmatched by state-of-the-art RO membranes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-organic framework enables ultraselective polyamide membrane for desalination and water reuse

et al. 2022

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“…Research has found that poor water quality and failing water infrastructure disproportionately impact populations with low incomes, in rural settings and communities of color. 4,5 A study of water quality reports from 1982 to 2015 found that between 9 million and 45 million people lived in a home served by a public water system with health-based drinking water violations. 4 In addition, there are an estimated 6.1 million water service lines made of lead currently in use in the United States that have the potential to leach lead into household drinking water.…”

Section: Access To Safe Drinking Water and Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Water and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Current Policy and Opportunities for Improvement

Wilking

Nink

Cradock

2021

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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W ater security means having stable access to available, acceptable, and safe drinking water and is key to supporting good nutrition and health. 1 Public water systems in the United States are among the world's safest. Water insecurity, however, can occur as the result of ongoing or intermittent problems with water quality or when there is an acute natural or man-made disaster such as a hurricane or chemical spill. This commentary focuses on water insecurity in communities such as those discussed by Geiger et al, 2 where residents live with persistent problems such as lead in the water system or unreliable water treatment. Screening programs to identify contaminants, including lead in home drinking water such as that evaluated by Geiger et al, highlight the need for mechanisms to ensure that families with lower incomes identified as lacking water security can affordably access safe drinking water.

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“…Only 0.041% of all of the earth's water is fresh and is accessible 1 . About 97% of the remaining water is saline, and access to less than 3% of water is difficult 2 . In addition, about 22% of the world population, possesses only 7% of global freshwater resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial nanocomposite adsorbent based on poly(meta-phenylenediamine) for remediation of lead (II) from water medium

Kheyrabadi

Zare

2022

Sci Rep

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In this study, poly(m-phenylenediamine)@ZnO (PmPDA@ZnO) nanocomposite was fabricated by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization for the effective lead(II) removal from aqueous solutions. PmPDA@ZnO was characterized by several instrumental methods like FTIR, XRD, EDX, TGA, FESEM, TEM, zeta potential, and BET. The TEM images showed a core–shell-like structure for the PmPDA@ZnO nanocomposite. TGA results showed that the thermal stability of the PmPDA@ZnO nanocomposite was higher than the PmPDA. The maximum adsorption of lead (II) onto PmPDA@ZnO nanocomposite was obtained at pH 6, adsorbent dosage 60 mg, lead(II) ion concentration 90 mg/L, and agitation time 90 min. Langmuir and Freundlich's isotherm models were evaluated to simulate the lead(II) sorption via empirical data. Langmuir's model was in good agreement with empirical data with a maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 77.51 mg/g. The kinetic data adsorption fitted best the pseudo-second-order model. The values of thermodynamic parameters of ΔS° and ΔH° were obtained 0.272 J/mol K, and 71.35 kJ/mol, respectively. The spontaneous and endothermic behavior of the adsorption process was confirmed by the negative and positive response of ΔG° and ΔH°, respectively. Moreover, the addition of coexisting cations e.g. cobalt (II), nickel (II), calcium (II), and copper (II) had no significant effect on the removal efficiency of lead(II). Adsorption–desorption studies showed that the PmPDA@ZnO nanocomposite can be remarkably regenerated and reused after three sequential runs without a significant decline in its adsorption performance. The antimicrobial activities of PmPDA@ZnO nanocomposite were evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria species. These results confirmed that the PmPDA@ZnO nanocomposite could be a good candidate for water decontamination.

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The widespread and unjust drinking water and clean water crisis in the United States

Cited by 138 publications

References 21 publications

Metal-organic framework enables ultraselective polyamide membrane for desalination and water reuse

Metal-organic framework enables ultraselective polyamide membrane for desalination and water reuse

Drinking Water and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Current Policy and Opportunities for Improvement

Antimicrobial nanocomposite adsorbent based on poly(meta-phenylenediamine) for remediation of lead (II) from water medium

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