The Wilderness of Zin

Woolley, C. Leonard; Lawrence, Timothy

doi:10.2307/4340119

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The groves were deliberately planted by the Bedouins in pre-existing agricultural systems, most of which were built during the Byzantine era (Palmer 1871;Woolley & Lawrence 1914;Canaan 1928;Zohary 1954;Markus 1983;Haiman 1986Haiman , 1993Meshel 1991;Ashkenazi et al 2011). Most of the researchers agree that the Byzantine era was the most active period of settling and agricultural productivity in the Negev in general and the Negev Highlands in particular.…”

Section: Planted Fruit Trees In the Desertmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fruit trees survival ability in an arid desert environment without irrigation in the Negev Highlands of Southern Israel

Ashkenazi

Chen

Avni

et al. 2015

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences

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More than a hundred abandoned but presently maintained fruit trees are scattered in the Negev Desert Highlands in Southern Israel. Most of the older groves were planted by Bedouins in pre-existing agricultural systems built in the distant past, mainly during the Byzantine era, mostly during the sixth and seventh centuries AD. In these groves a variety of domesticated fruit trees such as date palms, figs, pomegranates, almonds, carobs, pistachios, bitter oranges, grapevines and olives have been planted. The trees growing in these abandoned sites throughout the Negev Highland region are strictly rain-fed and dependent on the amount of runoff water accumulating from the surrounding old runoff harvesting systems with no modern artificial irrigation at least for the past several decades. Despite the lack of active irrigation, some of the trees of all species continue to flourish and even persist in bearing fruit to this day. The trees growing in the Negev Highlands can be divided into several planting periods. The oldest olive trees are apparently descendants of trees planted in the area during the Byzantine period (sixth and seventh centuries AD), while the youngest consist of varieties and species recently planted by Bedouins, until 1948. The factors affecting the survival of the trees are mainly of a geological nature, especially the rock types and their spatial distribution that contribute to the potential of runoff water. Topographic layouts are also critical for enhancing water runoff, as well as various soil parameters, such as water-holding capacity, depth, salinity, and organic matter content. A significant impact on the trees' condition and survival depends also on the preservation state of the ancient terraces in which they were planted and the level of horticultural expertise of the Bedouins in growing fruit trees. During this study we characterized the geographical, geological and topographical conditions enabling the survival of different fruit trees with no artificially added irrigation in various locations within the Southern Israeli desert. Apparently no specific genotypes were required and involved in the survival of the various fruit trees, but the microconditions at each tree's location were found to be critical.

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Section: Planted Fruit Trees In the Desertmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fruit trees survival ability in an arid desert environment without irrigation in the Negev Highlands of Southern Israel

Ashkenazi

Chen

Avni

et al. 2015

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…Many researchers agree that the peak use of runoff agriculture was during the Byzantine period (4the7th centuries CE) (e.g. Baly, 1935;Cohen, 1985;Evenari et al, 1971;Hirschfeld, 2004;Kirk, 1941;Lender, 1990;Mayerson, 1960;Rubin, 1990;Woolley and Lawrence, 1936). During this period agricultural activity in the Negev was concentrated around the six ancient "Negev Towns" (Haluza, Nizzana, Rehovot, Shivta, Mamshit and Avdat).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A comprehensive characterization of ancient desert agricultural systems in the Negev Highlands of Israel

Ashkenazi

Avni

2012

Journal of Arid Environments

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“…But the cumulative experience of students in the studio tends to make them defensive, unwilling, over a period of time, to open up their thought processes to external scrutiny, and therefore becoming disinterested in external realities. 6 Woolley calls for transparency in studio teaching insofar as this learned tendency to retreat must be reconciled with everything else the architect must learn and at once reconciled with the needs of the society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figures 4,5,and 6). The modules respond to site, topography, microclimate, and medical equipment requirements.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compassionism and the Design Studio in the Aftermath of 9/11

Verderber

2003

Journal of Architectural Education

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The events of 9/11 are dramatically reshaping society. The terrorist attacks in New York City and in Washington, DC, have been extensively examined in the media and addressed in the work of professionals and academicians across a broad spectrum of disciplines. The profession and discipline of architecture is reassessing its position in relation to these events. Architectural education, and the functions of the design studio in particular, are similarly subject to this process of reappraisal. A case study is presented of a studio project on the topic of transportable medical facilities for disaster mitigation. This work is discussed against a backdrop of societal constructs concerning the functions of compassionism in architecture in the aftermath of 9/11. The case study is but one example of the potential of the studio to emerge as a rapid‐response vehicle to foster in the student a genuine attitude of social and civic engagement.

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The Wilderness of Zin

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Fruit trees survival ability in an arid desert environment without irrigation in the Negev Highlands of Southern Israel

Fruit trees survival ability in an arid desert environment without irrigation in the Negev Highlands of Southern Israel

A comprehensive characterization of ancient desert agricultural systems in the Negev Highlands of Israel

Compassionism and the Design Studio in the Aftermath of 9/11

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The Wilderness of Zin

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Fruit trees survival ability in an arid desert environment without irrigation in the Negev Highlands of Southern Israel

Fruit trees survival ability in an arid desert environment without irrigation in the Negev Highlands of Southern Israel

A comprehensive characterization of ancient desert agricultural systems in the Negev Highlands of Israel

Compassionism and the Design Studio in the Aftermath of 9/11

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Fruit trees survival ability in an arid desert environment without irrigation in the Negev Highlands of Southern Israel

Fruit trees survival ability in an arid desert environment without irrigation in the Negev Highlands of Southern Israel