The yields of extracted protein and of residual fiber from potato haulm taken as a by‐product

Carruthers, I. B.; Pirie, N. W.

doi:10.1002/bit.260171207

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The solanesol yield per hectare, based on the maximum level observed in genotypes from the 06H1 population and a haulm dry matter content of 5.1 tons per hectare (Carruthers and Pirie, 1975) is estimated to be ca. 39 kg/hectare.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following desiccation, potato haulm is not harvested and is generally plowed into the field. Previous studies have considered the potential of potato haulm as a source of fiber and protein (Carruthers and Pirie, 1975) demonstrating yields of extractable protein of up to 600 kg/ha. Despite these observations, potato haulm remains essentially a waste product of production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental and Genetic Factors Associated with Solanesol Accumulation in Potato Leaves

et al. 2016

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Solanesol is a high value 45-carbon, unsaturated, all-trans-nonaprenol isoprenoid. Recently solanesol has received particular attention because of its utility, both in its own right and as a precursor in the production of numerous compounds used in the treatment of disease states. Solanesol is found mainly in solanaceous crops such as potato, tomato, tobacco and pepper where it accumulates in the foliage. There is considerable potential to explore the extraction of solanesol from these sources as a valuable co-product. In this study we have characterized the genetic variation in leaf solanesol content in a biparental, segregating diploid potato population. We demonstrate that potato leaf solanesol content is genetically controlled and identify several quantitative trait loci associated with leaf solanesol content. Transient over-expression of genes from the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) and mevalonic acid (MVA) pathways, either singly or in combination, resulted in enhanced accumulation of solanesol in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, providing insights for genetically engineering the pathway. We also demonstrate that in potato, leaf solanesol content is enhanced by up to six-fold on exposure to moderately elevated temperature and show corresponding changes in expression patterns of MEP and MVA genes. Our combined approaches offer new insights into solanesol accumulation and strategies for developing a bio-refinery approach to potato production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Genetic Factors Associated with Solanesol Accumulation in Potato Leaves

et al. 2016

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“…This is an aspect of fodder fractionation that has had too little attention. Potato haulm (Carruthers & Pirie 1975) has potentialities and so have several species of water weed that are at present wastefully destroyed (Boyd 1971;Pirie 1976…”

Section: Sources Of Leafmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, when we strive to produce very large yields of fodder so good that it has to be fractionated before being conserved or even fed fresh, we should wonder whether, with comparable effort, edible vegetables could have been grown. General awareness of the productivity of leafy vegetables is hindered by the almost universal failure of those con cerned with research on vegetable crops to publish figures from which the yield of edible material can be calculated (Pirie 1975 b).Perhaps market gardeners do product has nutritional as well as aesthetic value!…”

Section: Future Development Of Fodder Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extended use of fractionation processes

Pirie

1977

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Winnowing, flour milling and sugar extraction are traditional examples of the mechanical fractionation of agricultural products. Fodder fractionation is more novel. It enables a protein-rich fraction to be separated, for use by people and other non-ruminants, from a more fibrous fraction that can be used as ruminant feed. Because the fibre is partly dewatered in the process, less energy is needed to dry it than to dry the original forage for conservation as winter feed. The ‘whey’ remaining after separating protein from the expressed juice could simply be returned to the land as a source of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - perhaps after being used as a substrate for microorganisms. Besides being used on crops grown specially for the purpose, fodder fractionation can be applied to various market garden and farm by-products - even to some, such as potato haulm, that are usually considered inedible. The process of extraction destroys detrimental physical structures and the ‘whey’ removes toxic components.

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“…A series of preliminary experiments showed that the random action of the pulper designed for extracting protein from material such as potato haulm Carruthers and Pirie, 1976) made it unsuitable for use with potatoes. By varying the speed and putting grids over the outlet, it is possible to make pulp containing < 10% of pieces that are retained by a sieve with 4 mm holes, but most of such a pulp is an unmanageable sludge.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanical Dehydration of Potato Tubers

Carruthers

Pirie

1976

Ex. Agric.

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Mechanical disintegration seems to be the most effective way of damaging the cells in potato tubers so that their juice can be expressed. If disintegration is too intense the pulp is intractable; a grater makes a uniform pulp with suitable texture. With existing continuous equipment it is necessary to press in two stages to get to 40% dry matter and further batch pressing is needed to get to 50%, but experience suggests it should be possible to make a press that would press to > 50% in one operation. Much less energy is needed to press out water rather than evaporate it. but about one-sixth of the tuber dry matter and more than one-half of the N is in the juice. Surplus, diseased, or damaged potatoes can be preserved for use as stockfeed by ensiling or drying. With the help of fungistatic agents such as ammonia or propionic acid, and if permanent preservation is not sought, it is not necessary to dry the tubers completely, and partial drying would cost less. We have therefore studied the practicability of pressing out fluid to the necessary extent instead of evaporating it off. Only small amounts of fluid can be pressed from sliced potatoes. The obvious methods for destroying the capacity of the tuber cells to retain fluid are: heating, chemical poisoning, freezing, and mechanical damage. Heating swells the starch so much that little water can be pressed from the cooked mass and chemical treatments were not studied because problems were envisaged in removing the agents from the products after pressing.Freezing is the traditional first step in making chuno on the altiplano of South America, where tubers are frozen in the open air at night and trodden during the day after thawing. After freezing at -i5°C and thawing, as much juice can be pressed from sliced tubers as can be pressed from mechanically disintegrated tubers, the thawed mass is sufficiently coherent to make pressing easy, and the juice removes less protein than juice made after mechanical disintegration. However, in spite of these real advantages, freezing does not seem to be as practical on a large scale as pulping because of the amount of energy consumed in freezing, which would be only partially recoverable.As tubers are damaged to increasing extents, the amount of juice that can be pressed out under the same conditions increases, but the pulp becomes an increasingly intractable paste that can be retained in a press only by wrapping it in filter cloth or in some similar way, which would probably not be practical on a large scale. The problem can therefore be formulated: to find a degree of damage that releases sufficient juice without producing pulp that is uncontrollable in a press. Experience gained in extracting protein from leaves is of limited assistance because the fibre in a leaf pulp gives it a texture that simplifies subsequent handling. If, as is probable, the conserved material is to be used as cattle fodder, the problem could be side-stepped by mixing some fibrous ruminant fodder, e.g.

show abstract

The yields of extracted protein and of residual fiber from potato haulm taken as a by‐product

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Environmental and Genetic Factors Associated with Solanesol Accumulation in Potato Leaves

Environmental and Genetic Factors Associated with Solanesol Accumulation in Potato Leaves

The extended use of fractionation processes

Mechanical Dehydration of Potato Tubers

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