The Zea mays mutants opaque2 and opaque16 disclose lysine change in waxy maize as revealed by RNA-Seq

Wang, Wei; Niu, Suzhen; Dai, Yi; Wang, Mingchun; Li, Yan; Yang, Wenlong; Zhao, Degang

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48478-6

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In maize, the opaque mutant was identified as accumulating 69% more lysine in its endosperm compared to the parental line (Mertz et al, 1964;Wang et al, 2019). Interestingly, lysine accumulation in the endosperm is related to reduced levels of endosperm proteins like alpha-zein in maize (Wang et al, 2019) and hordein in barley (Schmidt et al, 2015). The level of lysine in M4 grains was not higher than that of M5 or GP (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In another study investigating amino acid content in four barley varieties, the authors found diversity in the lysine content of grains (Jood and Singh, 2001). In maize, the opaque mutant was identified as accumulating 69% more lysine in its endosperm compared to the parental line (Mertz et al, 1964;Wang et al, 2019). Interestingly, lysine accumulation in the endosperm is related to reduced levels of endosperm proteins like alpha-zein in maize (Wang et al, 2019) and hordein in barley (Schmidt et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotypic Variation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Amino Acid Metabolism in Barley

et al. 2022

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Owing to the large genetic diversity of barley and its resilience under harsh environments, this crop is of great value for agroecological transition and the need for reduction of nitrogen (N) fertilizers inputs. In the present work, we investigated the diversity of a North African barley genotype collection in terms of growth under limiting N (LN) or ample N (HN) supply and in terms of physiological traits including amino acid content in young seedlings. We identified a Moroccan variety, Laanaceur, accumulating five times more lysine in its leaves than the others under both N nutritional regimes. Physiological characterization of the barley collection showed the genetic diversity of barley adaptation strategies to LN and highlighted a genotype x environment interaction. In all genotypes, N limitation resulted in global biomass reduction, an increase in C concentration, and a higher resource allocation to the roots, indicating that this organ undergoes important adaptive metabolic activity. The most important diversity concerned leaf nitrogen use efficiency (LNUE), root nitrogen use efficiency (RNUE), root nitrogen uptake efficiency (RNUpE), and leaf nitrogen uptake efficiency (LNUpE). Using LNUE as a target trait reflecting barley capacity to deal with N limitation, this trait was positively correlated with plant nitrogen uptake efficiency (PNUpE) and RNUpE. Based on the LNUE trait, we determined three classes showing high, moderate, or low tolerance to N limitation. The transcriptomic approach showed that signaling, ionic transport, immunity, and stress response were the major functions affected by N supply. A candidate gene encoding the HvNRT2.10 transporter was commonly up-regulated under LN in the three barley genotypes investigated. Genes encoding key enzymes required for lysine biosynthesis in plants, dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS) and the catabolic enzyme, the bifunctional Lys-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase are up-regulated in Laanaceur and likely account for a hyperaccumulation of lysine in this genotype. Our work provides key physiological markers of North African barley response to low N availability in the early developmental stages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Variation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Amino Acid Metabolism in Barley

et al. 2022

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“…Two genes involved in lysine degradation pathway were down‐regulated which also resulted in retaining higher lysine contents. Genes involved in starch metabolism ( sh2 , bt2 and ae1 ) were up‐regulated which led to wrinkled kernel and farinaceous endosperm (Wang et al., 2019). Information of DEGs promotes the introgression of o2 and o16 alleles in waxy maize or other genetic backgrounds.…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of Qpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality protein maize (QPM): Importance, genetics, timeline of different events, breeding strategies and varietal adoption

Maqbool¹,

Issa²,

Khokhar³

2021

Plant Breeding

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Lysine and tryptophan are two essential amino acids and these are deficit in maize grain thus posing the problem of nutritional deficiencies in the consumers. A wide range of deficiency symptoms like cognitive disorder, kwashiorkor disease, reduced appetite, impaired skeleton development, delayed growth and aberrant behaviour are associated with lysine and tryptophan deficiency. These amino acids are also important to cure the Pellagra disease. Researchers identified several mutants in maize especially opaque‐2 which are responsible for higher lysine and tryptophan contents. Few years later, it was observed that opaque‐2 mutant has several pleiotropic effects on maize grain and plant. Efforts of researchers are spanning over the period of four decades to develop quality protein maize (QPM). QPM is described as nutritionally superior maize with high lysine and tryptophan contents and desired kernel characteristics as compared to its normal maize counterparts. Biological value of QPM was almost equivalent to egg protein. Breeding of maize for quality protein is based on three genetic systems like opaque‐2 genetic system, endosperm modifier genetic system and associated gene systems. Keeping in view the importance of QPM, current review article is compiled to discuss the genetic basis, genetic systems and breeding strategies. Timeline for various events is also drafted like discovery of various mutants, several conventional and modern approaches for development and deployment of QPM varieties across the world. Despite its nutritional benefits, the rate of adoption of QPM is generally at low pace in the developing world and this review article discuss the challenges and potential opportunities for QPM adoption.

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“…13b). Using the maize interactome, we also successfully reconstructed regulatory networks involved in starch synthesis pathway [27][28][29][30] and other established pathways (Supplementary Fig. 14; Supplementary Table 7-8).…”

Section: The Interactome Recapitulates the Network Of Important Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Interactome Map of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Han

Zhong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Interactomes are powerful tools for encoding and decoding complex life systems. Here, we generated a maize interactome map that integrates genomic interactions, transcriptomic co-expression networks, translatomic co-expression networks, and protein–protein interactions throughout the maize lifecycle. This map, containing over 9 million interactions in more than 5,000 functional modules, reveals extensive functional divergence for duplicate genes and a progressive increase in regulatory divergence between the two maize subgenomes during the flow of genetic information. This network enables dissecting and validating gene functions, re-constructing regulatory pathways, and deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying complex traits combining big data mining technique-machine learning. By applying this map to flowering-time, we identified 1,843 high-confidence genes enriched in eight molecular pathways that are related to flowering time. The function of 30 (out of 58 tested) genes, including 27 novel genes, was verified by loss-of-function mutagenesis. Furthermore, a new pathway involving histone modification was identified and confirmed to regulate flowering time. The interactome map illustrates how coherent sets of molecular interactions connect different types of functional elements and pathway modules to map a genome-wide functional wiring landscape, which will be applicable in a wide range of species.

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The Zea mays mutants opaque2 and opaque16 disclose lysine change in waxy maize as revealed by RNA-Seq

Abstract: In maize, opaque2 ( o2 ) and opaque 16 ( o16 ) alleles can increase lysine content, while the waxy ( wx ) gene can enhance the amylopectin content of grains. In our study, o2 and o16 alleles were backcrossed into waxy maize line ( wxwx ). The o2o2o16o16wxwx lines had amyl… Show more

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Genotypic Variation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Amino Acid Metabolism in Barley

Genotypic Variation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Amino Acid Metabolism in Barley

Quality protein maize (QPM): Importance, genetics, timeline of different events, breeding strategies and varietal adoption

An Interactome Map of Maize (Zea mays L.)

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