The Zebrafish as a Model for Microsporidiosis

Sanders, Justin L.; Kent, Michael L.

doi:10.1002/9781118395264.ch14

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…22 In fact, Gram stain has not only been used in mammalian tissues, but also to detect microsporidian spores in zebrafish (Danio rerio). 45,46 In our study, color did not vary between immature (red) and mature (purple) spores, as reported by others, 28,61 and the internal details of E. cuniculi spores, such as the belt-like stripe, were not observed. MaT stain is routinely used for demonstrating connective tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Histochemical study of Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores in the kidneys of naturally infected New Zealand rabbits

et al. 2017

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Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an important microsporidian pathogen that is considered an emergent, zoonotic, and opportunistic. It infects both domestic and laboratory rabbits, generating severe chronic interstitial and granulomatous nephritis with fibrosis and granulomatous encephalitis. Encephalitozoonosis is diagnosed in paraffin-embedded sections by examining the spores in the host tissues. The spores are difficult to observe when the samples are stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), particularly when there is an inflammatory reaction and tissue damage. The spores are easily mistaken for other microorganisms, such as fungi (yeasts), protozoa, and bacteria. In our study, we used kidney samples from E. cuniculi-positive rabbits and employed 14 recommended histologic stains for detecting microsporidia spores: alcian blue, calcofluor white, Giemsa, Gram, Grocott, H&E, Luna, Luxol fast blue, Masson trichrome, modified trichrome stain (MTS), periodic acid-Schiff reaction (PAS), Van Gieson, Warthin-Starry (WS), and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN).We concluded that MTS and Gram stain, detected by light microscopy, and calcofluor white stain, detected by ultraviolet light microscopy, are the best stains for detecting spores of E. cuniculi in paraffin-embedded tissues from infected rabbits. These stains were superior to WS, ZN, Giemsa, and PAS for identifying spores without background "noise" or monochromatic interference. Also, they allow individual spores to be discerned in paraffin-embedded tissues. MTS allows observation of the polar tube, polaroplast, and posterior vacuole, the most distinctive parts of the spore.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…28,55 Grocott stain detects glycogen, mucin, and argyrophilic components in fungi. 46 This stain has been found to be useful for the detection of microsporidian spores in human ocular tissue. 24,57 These results contradict those from our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical study of Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores in the kidneys of naturally infected New Zealand rabbits

et al. 2017

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“…), and aquatic research models such as the zebrafish (Matthews et al. ; Sanders and Kent ; Sanders et al. ; Spagnoli et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…MICROSPORIDIA are highly successful obligate intracellular parasites that infect many ecologically and economically important terrestrial animal lineages, such as honey bees (Higes et al 2013), humans (Lobo et al 2012), and aquatic research models such as the zebrafish (Matthews et al 2001;Sanders and Kent 2014;Sanders et al 2012;Spagnoli et al 2015). These parasites have been proposed to propagate via both vertical and horizontal modes of transmission (Ardila-Garcia and Fast 2012; Izquierdo et al 2011;Sanders et al 2013) and have been recently included in the phylum Cryptomycota (James et al 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genome Analysis of Pseudoloma neurophilia: A Microsporidian Parasite of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Ndikumana

Pelin

Williot

et al. 2016

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Microsporidia are highly successful parasites that infect virtually all known animal lineages, including the model Danio rerio (zebrafish). The widespread use of this aquatic model for biomedical research has resulted in an unexpected increase in infections from the microsporidium Pseudoloma neurophilia, which can lead to significant physical, behavioral and immunological modifications resulting in non-protocol variation during experimental procedures. Here, we seek to obtain insights into the biology of P. neurophilia by investigating its genome content, which was obtained from only 29 nanograms of DNA using the Miseq technology and paired-end Illumina sequencing. We found that the genome of P. neurophilia is phylogenetically and genetically related to other fish-microsporidians, but features unique to this intracellular parasite are also found. The small 5.25-Mb genome assembly includes 1,139 unique open reading frames and an unusually high number of transposable elements for such a small genome. Investigations of intragenomic diversity also provided strong indications that the mononucleate nucleus of this species is diploid. Overall, our study provides insights into the dynamics of microsporidian genomes, and represents a solid sequence reference to be used in future studies of host-parasite interactions using the zebrafish Danio rerio and P. neurophilia as a model.

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