The Zn ‐  KOH  System: The Solution‐Precipitation Path for Anodic ZnO Formation

Szpak, S.; Gabriel, Camelia

doi:10.1149/1.2128826

Cited by 49 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is worth noting that the pores or gaps still exist, even though the bunches are interconnected into a continuous curst. Szpak and Gabriel [30] showed NW arrays without voids at the center at higher temperatures. [31] The growth of the aggregates also consumes more the reaction temperature.…”

Section: Growth Mechanism Of Bunched Zno Nw Arrays In Alkali Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Shelled ZnO Structures Made of Bunched Nanowire Arrays

Jiang

Zhou

Fang

et al. 2007

Adv Funct Materials

214

111

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The size‐ and morphology‐controlled growth of ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays is potentially of interest for the design of advanced catalysts and nanodevices. By adjusting the reaction temperature, shelled structures of ZnO made of bunched ZnO NW arrays are prepared, grown out of metallic Zn microspheres through a wet‐chemical route in a closed Teflon reactor. In this process, ZnO NWs are nucleated and subsequently grown into NWs on the surfaces of the microspheres as well as in strong alkali solution under the condition of the pre‐existence of zincate (ZnO22–) ions. At a higher temperature (200 °C), three different types of bunched ZnO NW or sub‐micrometer rodlike (SMR) aggregates are observed. At room temperature, however, the bunched ZnO NW arrays are found only to occur on the Zn microsphere surface, while double‐pyramid‐shaped or rhombus‐shaped ZnO particles are formed in solution. The ZnO NWs exhibit an ultrathin structure with a length of ca. 500 nm and a diameter of ca. 10 nm. The phenomenon may be well understood by the temperature‐dependent growth process involved in different nucleation sources. A growth mechanism has been proposed in which the degree of ZnO22–saturation in the reaction solution plays a key role in controlling the nucleation and growth of the ZnO NWs or SMRs as well as in oxidizing the metallic Zn microspheres. Based on this consideration, ultrathin ZnO NW cluster arrays on the Zn microspheres are successfully obtained. Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements of the ultrathin ZnO NW cluster arrays have also been performed.

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Section: Growth Mechanism Of Bunched Zno Nw Arrays In Alkali Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Shelled ZnO Structures Made of Bunched Nanowire Arrays

Jiang

Zhou

Fang

et al. 2007

Adv Funct Materials

214

111

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“…[2], Eq. [6] suggests that the accumulating Zn(OH) 4 2− ion increases the refractive index difference, whereas the depleting OH − ion accompanying Eq. [2] has an opposite effect on the refractive index difference due to the Zn(OH) 4 2− ion.…”

Section: H 2 O = O 2 (G)+ 4hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possible reason for this discrepancy includes the difficulty of setting the anode surface perfectly parallel to the laser beam and the uncertainty in applying the refractive-index correlation Eq. [6], developed using a small range of salt concentrations to the wide range of experimental concentrations m A and m B . That is, the concentration dependence of the refractive index has not been determined for Zn(OH) 4 2− ion concentrations in excess of the chemical solubility limit of 0.2 M. , 35 (21) 3-9 (2011) …”

Section: H 2 O = O 2 (G)+ 4hmentioning

confidence: 99%

(Invited) Zinc Surface Morphological Variations and Ionic Mass Transfer Rates in Alkaline Solution

Arise

Homma²,

McLarnon

et al. 2011

ECS Trans.

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A horizontal upward-facing Zn anode was electrochemically dissolved in aqueous alkaline electrolyte. A plane-parallel upwardfacing Ni(OH) 2 /NiOOH cathode was combined with this Zn anode in a single cell, divided by a polymer separator. This configuration can be considered as a model single pore inside the mesoporous space of a Zn-NiOOH battery cell. It also insures that ionic mass transfer by diffusion and migration is dominant over that by natural convection. The morphological variations of the Zn anode surface plane were examined during the discharge operation of the ZnNiOOH model cell. The two-dimensional transient concentration profiles of each ion accompanying the electrochemical dissolution of Zn anode in the alkaline electrolyte were numerically calculated. The surface morphological variations of the Zn anode were discussed with the aid of numerical simulation. ZnO precipitation on the Zn anode surface was confirmed to be dependent on the horizontal distance from the cell separator. The numerical model provides insight to the analysis of observed morphological variations along the anode surface.

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“…From a galvanostatic point of view, there are studies in sulfuric acid [22], in alkaline solutions [23][24][25][26][27][28], sodium carbonate and bicarbonate solutions [29] and phosphate buffer solutions [30,31] and even in sodium borate solutions [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galvanostatic Growth of Passivating Films Under Transient Conditions. I. Model and Quantitative Analysis for the Zn/ZnO System

D’Alkaine¹,

Berton²,

Tulio³

2003

Port. Electrochim. Acta

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On the basis of an ohmic model and a Tafel equation describing relations between current density and overpotentials in the film and at the metal/film interface, respectively, it is shown that a quantitative analysis of galvanostatic transients for the growth of passivating ultra-thin films on the so-called non-noble metals can be obtained. As an example, the growth of ZnO on Zn in a boric/borate buffer solution is considered. In this case, the values of the transfer coefficient and the exchange current density of the reaction at the metal/film interface were found to be 1.2 and 0.11 mA cm -2 , respectively. It was shown that a single, first film occurred at low current densities and two films at high ones. The ionic resistivity inside the single, first film, during the transients, has an initial constant value region followed by a final increase indicating the aging process. For this variation the evolution of the point defect concentrations is taken into account. For the variation of the ionic resistivity with the galvanostatic current density two types of behaviors were found, depending on the current density. An interpretation of these results is advanced in terms of the concentrations, mobilities and recombination rate of point defects inside the film.

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The Zn ‐ KOH System: The Solution‐Precipitation Path for Anodic ZnO Formation

Cited by 49 publications

References 14 publications

Hierarchical Shelled ZnO Structures Made of Bunched Nanowire Arrays

Hierarchical Shelled ZnO Structures Made of Bunched Nanowire Arrays

(Invited) Zinc Surface Morphological Variations and Ionic Mass Transfer Rates in Alkaline Solution

Galvanostatic Growth of Passivating Films Under Transient Conditions. I. Model and Quantitative Analysis for the Zn/ZnO System

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