Chemotherapeutic drugs are widely utilized in the treatment of human cancers. Painful chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is a common, debilitating, and dose-limiting side effect for which there is currently no effective treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential utility of peptides from the marine snail from the genus Conus for the treatment of neuropathic pain. α-Conotoxin RgIA and a potent analog, RgIA4, have previously been shown to prevent the development of neuropathy resulting from the administration of oxaliplatin, a platinum-based antineoplastic drug. Here, we have examined its efficacy against paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug that works by a mechanism of action distinct from that of oxaliplatin. Paclitaxel was administered at 2 mg/kg (intraperitoneally (IP)) every other day for a total of 8 mg/kg. Sprague Dawley rats that were co-administered RgIA4 at 80 µg/kg (subcutaneously (SC)) once daily, five times per week, for three weeks showed significant recovery from mechanical allodynia by day 31. Notably, the therapeutic effects reached significance 12 days after the last administration of RgIA4, which is suggestive of a rescue mechanism. These findings support the effects of RgIA4 in multiple chemotherapeutic models and the investigation of α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) as a non-opioid target in the treatment of chronic pain.Patients have exhibited several types of neuropathies, including numbness, chronic pain, and allodynia (painful hypersensitivity) to mechanical or thermal stimuli [5]. Amongst patients, however, the type, duration, and severity of neuropathy can vary [6]. While the prevalence and manifestations of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy have been well documented, the underlying mechanisms are still being characterized. Several adjuvant treatments have been used in an attempt to combat the effects of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). However, there are currently no FDA-approved medications for the prevention or treatment of CIPN.Cone snails have historically displayed a repertoire of therapeutic molecules. The venomous marine gastropods of the genus Conus are a diverse collection of snails that have developed complex hunting and envenomation strategies. The venoms of these snails contain hundreds of unique peptides, and the contents of these venoms can also change in response to defensive or predatory stimuli [7]. Cone snails have refined a suite of bioactive peptides that can exquisitely and potently discriminate among receptors involved in neurotransmission. These targets include G-protein-coupled receptors and voltage-and ligand-gated ion channels [8]. The chemical arsenal of each snail also contains bioactive compounds that have been characterized as prey-endogenous mimetics, such as the insulin-like peptide used by Conus geographus, which more closely resembles fish insulin than its own [9]. The discovery of this molecular mimicry strategy spurred the characterization of several other hormone/neuropeptide-like peptides in the venom reperto...