“…3 Against this backdrop, N. Moumtaz recently identified a "third wave" of waqf studies beginning in the early twenty-first century which has emerged in cross-disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and even transdisciplinary debates. 4 The first wave of studies was mainly based on waqf documents, to clarify legal and historical aspects, and these studies continue to be produced. On the eve of the twenty-first century Hoexter pointed to a number of studies that had gone beyond legal and historical concerns to explore waqf through cross-disciplinary or interdisciplinary debates, such as in the fields of politics, economics and gender studies.…”