Theoretical analysis of the magnetic circular dichroism in the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>x-ray emission of Gd

Groot, Frank M. F. de; Nakazawa, Makoto; Kotani, Akio; Krisch, M.; Sette, F.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.56.7285

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The angles and are taken as 60 and 30°, respectively. The calculated results (de Groot et al, 1997) with a Gd 3ϩ ion model are also shown with the solid curves. The agreement with the experimental results is good.…”

Section: E Polarization Dependence and Magnetic Circular Dichroismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VI.B. de Groot et al (1997) considered the situation in which a photon with circular polarization (ϩ or Ϫ helicity) is incident on the sample with the angle from the sample surface normal, and the emitted photon is detected with the angle from the surface normal without analyzing the polarization, where the surface normal is perpendicular to the magnetization of the sample, and all the directions of incident and emitted photons, surface normal and the magnetization are in the same plane. Then they showed that the MCD of RIXS, i.e., the difference of RIXS for the incident photons with ϩ and Ϫ helicities, is given by…”

Section: E Polarization Dependence and Magnetic Circular Dichroismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34. Here, the experimental data (dots; Krisch et al, 1996;de Groot et al, 1997) are shown for the x-ray emission and its MCD for ferromagnetic Gd metal, where a 2p 3/2 core electron is excited to the high-energy continuum and a 3d 5/2 electron makes a radiative transition to the 2p 3/2 state. The angles and are taken as 60 and 30°, respectively.…”

Section: E Polarization Dependence and Magnetic Circular Dichroismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra for electrons in solids

2001

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Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) has recently been a subject of remarkable progress due to the advent of high-brilliance synchrotron radiation sources. The authors present a review of both experimental and theoretical investigations of electrons in solids using this second-order optical process, in which there is coherent absorption and emission of x rays at resonance with electronic excitations. The review starts with some of the fundamental aspects of RIXS, after which are presented typical experimental data and their theoretical interpretation for various materials. The first class of materials considered is semiconductors and insulators (Si, C, and BN), which are typical systems with weak electron correlation, and the data are interpreted based on electronic states described by an energy-band model. Effects of symmetry of electronic states and electron momentum conservation are discussed. At the opposite extreme are rare-earth systems (metals and oxides), in which the 4f electrons are almost localized with strong electron correlation. The observations are interpreted based on the effects of intra-atomic multiplet coupling and weak interatomic electron transfer, which are well described with an Anderson impurity model or a cluster model. In this context a narrowing of spectral width in the excitation spectrum, polarization dependence, and the magnetic circular dichroism in ferromagnetic materials are discussed. The authors then consider transition-metal compounds, materials with electron correlation strengths intermediate between semiconductors and rare-earth systems. In these interesting cases there is an interplay of intra-atomic and interatomic electronic interactions that leads to limitations of both the band model and the Anderson impurity model. Finally, other topics in resonant x-ray emission studies of solids are described briefly. CONTENTS I. Introduction 203 II. Fundamental Aspects of Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering 205 A. Basic description of RIXS 205 B. Experimental measurements 206 C. Theoretical models 208 1. Energy-band model 208 2. Anderson impurity model 208 3. Momentum selection rule 210 4. Normal XES 210 III. RIXS in Semiconductors and Insulators 211 A. Experimental data 211 B. Silicon and graphite 211 C. Effects of core exciton and phonon relaxation 213 IV. Rare-Earth Systems 217 A. Experimental data for rare-earth metals and compounds 217 B. Effect of intra-atomic multiplet coupling 218 C. Effect of interatomic hybridization 221 D. Narrowing of spectral width in the excitation spectrum 223 E. Polarization dependence and magnetic circular dichroism 225 V. Transition-Metal Compounds 228 A. Crystal-field level excitation and charge-transfer excitation in copper oxide systems 228 B. Multiplet coupling effect and spin-dependent excitation spectra in Mn compounds 230 C. Early transition-metal compounds and the effect of carrier doping 232 D. Limitations of the band model and the Anderson impurity model 235 VI. Other Topics 238 A. Simple metals 238 B. Transition metals 239 C. Oxygen...

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Section: E Polarization Dependence and Magnetic Circular Dichroismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Polarization Dependence and Magnetic Circular Dichroismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Polarization Dependence and Magnetic Circular Dichroismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra for electrons in solids

2001

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“…Magnetic dichroism measurements have been combined with RIXS previously, but these studies were mainly performed at the L 2;3 absorption edges, probing low energy transfer excitations in 3d TM [20,21] or the quadrupole transitions (2p ! 4f) in lanthanides [22][23][24][25][26].The 1s2p RIXS probes the evolution of K emission (2p ! 1s) following resonant excitation of a 1s electron.…”

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confidence: 99%

StrongK-edge Magnetic Circular Dichroism Observed in Photon-in–Photon-out Spectroscopy

et al. 2010

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A large enhancement of the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism is observed at the iron K absorption preedge of magnetite. This is achieved by performing resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments with a 2p hole in the final state of the second-order optical process. We measured and calculated the full 1s2p RIXS planes for opposite helicities of the incoming circularly polarized x rays. The crystal field multiplet calculations show that the enhancement arises from 2p-3d Coulomb repulsions and 2p and 3d spin-orbit coupling. The observed magnitude of the RIXS magnetic circular dichroism effect is $16%. This opens up new opportunities for a broad range of research fields allowing for truly bulk-sensitive, element-, and site-selective measurements of 3d transition metal magnetic moments and their ordering using hard x-ray photons. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) is a powerful tool for the element-specific study of the magnetic structure of complex systems [1][2][3]. It enables at spin-orbit split absorption edges to determine spin and orbital magnetic moments by means of sum rules [4,5]. It has been almost 25 years since the effect of magnetic dichroism was anticipated for the x-ray absorption spectra [6] and the first experimental observations of the linear [7] and circular [8] x-ray magnetic dichroism spectra were reported. Over the years the techniques became a routine probe of elementspecific magnetization in antiferro-and ferro(ferri)-magnetic systems [9,10].The magnetic moments of 3d transition metals (TM) are generally studied at the L absorption edge, i.e., dipoleallowed 2p ! 3d transitions using soft x rays. Soft x-ray XMCD measurements are typically performed using total electron yield, because significant self-absorption effects that distort the spectral shape are observed when using total fluorescence yield detection. Thus, L-edge XMCD is mainly sensitive to the sample surface and, in addition, it is not compatible with demanding sample environments such as high-pressure cells, due to short penetration depth. Therefore, the 3d TM element-specific studies of bulk magnetic properties under extreme conditions, that require the penetrating properties of hard x rays, have been using K-edge XMCD [11,12] and K emission spectroscopy [12][13][14][15]. The latter is sensitive only to the spin and orbital momenta (S and L) of individual ions, but not to the magnetic moments (m s and m l ). As such, it does not provide quantitative information on interatomic magnetic interactions. The magnetic signal in K-edge XMCD is very weak and the absence of spin-orbit split edges prohibits a detailed quantitative interpretation. There is hence a need for a magnetic spectroscopy in the hard x-ray range that can provide information on the ordering and the value of magnetic moments. We show in this Letter that this goal can be achieved by combining XMCD with 1s2p resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at the K absorption preedge.A RIXS signal was observed for the first time in the early 1970s [16], but the t...

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“…MCD in RIXS experiments performed at the Gd L3-edge [47] Experiments exploiting magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) have also been implemented for Yb [45]. As pointed out in [45], such MLD x-ray fluorescence experiments do not clear up ambiguities in the interpretation of x-ray absorption because the RIXS process is dominated by 4d − 4f interactions in the final state. It is doubtful, therefore, that magnetic dichroism have a direct impact on our understanding of how XMCD scales to the 4f or 5d moments [48,49].…”

Section: Magnetismmentioning

confidence: 98%

Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

Hague

2001

Magnetism and Synchrotron Radiation

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Abstract. Inelastic and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering techniques are being developed under the impetus of new high intensity synchrotron radiation sources. Within a few years a range of studies covering many aspects of materials science have been undertaken. Amongst them is the use of polarized incident-photons to study spin polarization in magnetic materials. The main features of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering are explained and applications to transition metal and rare earth magnetism are presented. Examples are drawn from studies on valence electron spin polarization and the role of 4f -valence electron exchange interactions.

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Theoretical analysis of the magnetic circular dichroism in the2p3dand2p4dx-ray emission of Gd

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra for electrons in solids

Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra for electrons in solids

StrongK-edge Magnetic Circular Dichroism Observed in Photon-in–Photon-out Spectroscopy

Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

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