A possible conformation of the complex formed by one calcium ion and two molecules of the ionophore A23187 at a simulated lipid-water interface was predicted by a variant method for conformational analysis. This method takes into account, in addition to the Van der Waals energy, electrostatic interaction, and torsional potential, the alteration of electrostatic forces attributable to changes in dielectric constant at the interface and the transfer energy for each part of the complex as it moves through the lipid-water interface. The most probable conformer was characterized by a two-fold axial symmetry that was maintained during transition to the hydrophobic bulk conformation. Minor changes in the interfacial structure were sufficient to achieve the configuration characteristic of the hydrophobic bulk phase.Carboxylic ionophores such as A23187 and bromolasalocid are widely used to facilitate Ca2+ transport across natural (1-4) or artificial (5-9) membranes. These ionophores form complexes in which each Ca2+ is bound to two molecules of the same (10-12) or different (13-14) ionophores. The conformations of such complexes in nonpolar solvents and in the crystalline form have been extensively investigated (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). However, to our knowledge, no information is available on the transient conformation of the complex when it is formed at a lipid-water interface. The stoichiometry of the complex and the pKa value have been established with liposomes and solvents of different polarity (6,8,15,21). By using a monolayer approach, Ferreira et aL (22) have examined the conformational stability (kd) and molecular area of A23187 at an air-water interface.In the present study, we have attempted to define the conformation of the complex between Ca2+ and two molecules of A23187 at a simulated lipid-water interface. For this purpose, we took into account for calculation of conformational energy not only the Van der Waals but also the electrostatic and torsional contributions. In addition, the electrostatic contributions were calculated as a function of changes in the dielectric constant, and allowance was made for the transfer energy of each part of the molecule as it moves through the lipid-water interface.
METHODSThe method followed for the conformational analysis of the Ca-A23187 complex is based on a strategy described elsewhere (23) and currently used to study the conformations of polypeptides (23-26) and other molecules (27,28). This method was modified to incorporate variations in the dielectric constant and the energy of transfer from one environment to another at the simulated lipid-water interface.Briefly, the total conformational energy of the interfacial complex was empirically calculated as the sum of all contributions resulting from local interactions-i. e., the Van der Waals energy, the torsional potential, the electrostatic interaction, and the transfer energy. The electrostatic energy was calculated as a function of the dielectric constant (E). To simulate a lipid-water interface, the diel...