Theoretical explanations of developmental reversals in memory and reasoning

Brainerd, Charles J.; Reyna, Valerie F.

doi:10.1016/j.dr.2023.101087

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…With respect to children, classic developmental studies by Bjorklund and associates (e.g., Bjorklund & Hock, 1982; Bjorklund & Jacobs, 1985) revealed that associative relations are a primitive type of memory organization that is present early in life, but semantic relations develop slowly throughout childhood and early adolescence. It follows that the effects of MGS will be weaker in children than in young adults, which is consistent with the widely reported finding that the DRM illusion becomes stronger during this age range (for a review, see Brainerd & Reyna, 2023). Turning to older adults, the literature on cognitive aging points to associative and semantic relations as being among the memory abilities that are spared in healthy older adults (e.g., Greene & Naveh-Benjamin, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Turning to older adults, the literature on cognitive aging points to associative and semantic relations as being among the memory abilities that are spared in healthy older adults (e.g., Greene & Naveh-Benjamin, 2023). It follows that the effects of MGS and MBAS should be similar in healthy older adults and young adults, which is consistent with the fact that the strength of the DRM illusion does not decline in healthy older adults (for a review, see Brainerd & Reyna, 2023).…”

Section: The Empirical Picturementioning

confidence: 79%

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From association to gist: Some critical tests.

Brainerd,

Chang,

Bialer

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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We report the first evidence that the gist mechanism of fuzzy-trace theory and the associative mechanism of activation monitoring theory operate in parallel, in the recall version of the Deese/Roediger/McDermott illusion. In three experiments, we implemented a new methodology that allows their respective empirical indexes, gist strength (GS) and backward associative strength (BAS), to each be manipulated while the other is held constant. In Experiment 1, increasing GS increased false recall of missing words, but increasing BAS did not. In Experiments 2 and 3, however, increasing GS and increasing BAS both increased recall of missing words, and those effects were independent and additive. In all three experiments, GS and BAS affected true recall of list words in qualitatively different ways: (a) Increasing GS always improved true recall, regardless of whether BAS was high or low, but (b) increasing BAS impaired true recall when GS was high and improved true recall when GS was low. To pinpoint the retrieval loci of the two variables' effects, we analyzed the data of all experiments with the dual-retrieval model. Those analyses showed that the variables' respective effects were due to different retrieval processes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: The Empirical Picturementioning

confidence: 79%

From association to gist: Some critical tests.

Brainerd,

Chang,

Bialer

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Knowledge of legal professionals about age trends in false memory propensity: a vignette study

Houben,

Otgaar,

Granhag

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The role of articulatory rehearsal in short-term false memories during ageing

Piroelle,

Guette,

Abadie

2024

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Recent studies have shown that articulatory rehearsal prevents false memories in working memory tasks in young adults. During aging, a substantial increase in false memories has been documented in numerous studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of rehearsal in the increase of false memories with age. In two experiments, we manipulated the opportunity to use rehearsal in a Brown-Peterson task in which younger (n = 80) and older (n = 70) adults maintained semantically related word lists and reported their maintenance strategies. Both experiments showed that reducing the opportunity to use rehearsal increased false memories and decreased correct recall in both groups. Furthermore, older adults made more false memories and less correct recall than younger adults, and these effects were partially mediated by the number of times participants reported using rehearsal (Exp. 2). These findings suggest that age-related differences in rehearsal use explain differences in working memory task performance.

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Theoretical explanations of developmental reversals in memory and reasoning

Cited by 3 publications

References 210 publications

From association to gist: Some critical tests.

From association to gist: Some critical tests.

Knowledge of legal professionals about age trends in false memory propensity: a vignette study

The role of articulatory rehearsal in short-term false memories during ageing

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