Theoretical framework for physical unclonable functions, including quantum readout

Gianfelici, Giulio; Kampermann, Hermann; Bruß, Dagmar

doi:10.1103/physreva.101.042337

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In another independent recent work, Gianfelici et al have presented a common theoretical framework for both cPUFs and QR-PUFs [21]. They quantitatively characterize the PUF properties, particularly robustness and unclonability.…”

Section: Other Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions: Possibilities and Impossibilities

Arapinis

Delavar

Doosti

et al. 2021

Quantum

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A Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a device with unique behaviour that is hard to clone hence providing a secure fingerprint. A variety of PUF structures and PUF-based applications have been explored theoretically as well as being implemented in practical settings. Recently, the inherent unclonability of quantum states has been exploited to derive the quantum analogue of PUF as well as new proposals for the implementation of PUF. We present the first comprehensive study of quantum Physical Unclonable Functions (qPUFs) with quantum cryptographic tools. We formally define qPUFs, encapsulating all requirements of classical PUFs as well as introducing a new testability feature inherent to the quantum setting only. We use a quantum game-based framework to define different levels of security for qPUFs: quantum exponential unforgeability, quantum existential unforgeability and quantum selective unforgeability. We introduce a new quantum attack technique based on the universal quantum emulator algorithm of Marvin and Lloyd to prove no qPUF can provide quantum existential unforgeability. On the other hand, we prove that a large family of qPUFs (called unitary PUFs) can provide quantum selective unforgeability which is the desired level of security for most PUF-based applications.

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Section: Other Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions: Possibilities and Impossibilities

Arapinis

Delavar

Doosti

et al. 2021

Quantum

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“…The first one is the technological hardness of the cloning of the optical disordered token. This is a common prerequisite for any useful PUF-based cryptographic protocol, and there have been some attempts for the quantification of the hardness in the case of optical tokens [7,8,22,29]. The second cornerstone is the strong sensitivity of the speckle to the internal disorder of the token and to the parameters of the input light, which has been demonstrated in different experimental set-ups and for various combinations of parameters [7,8,18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Quantum-Safe Authentication of Entities with Physical Unclonable Functions

Nikolopoulos

2021

Photonics

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Physical unclonable functions have been shown to be a useful resource of randomness for implementing various cryptographic tasks including entity authentication. All the related entity authentication protocols that have been discussed in the literature so far, either they are vulnerable to an emulation attack, or they are limited to short distances. Hence, quantum-safe remote entity authentication over large distances remains an open question. In the first part of this work, we discuss the requirements that an entity authentication protocol has to offer, to be useful for remote entity authentication in practice. Subsequently, we propose a protocol, which can operate over large distances, and offers security against both classical and quantum adversaries. The proposed protocol relies on standard techniques, it is fully compatible with the infrastructure of existing and future photonic networks, and it can operate in parallel with other quantum protocols, including QKD protocols.

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“…This result has motivated a new line of research on designing both classical and quantum protocols based on hardware assumptions. An emerging outcome of this is the proposal of quantum physical unclonable function, also called QPUF [6][7][8][9][10][11] . These are hardware devices that utilise the properties of quantum mechanics and the random physical disorders that occur in the manufacturing process to construct secure devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Construction of Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions with Unitary t-designs

Kumar,

Mezher,

Kashefi

2021

Preprint

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Quantum physical unclonable functions, or QPUFs, are rapidly emerging as theoretical hardware solutions to provide secure cryptographic functionalities such as key-exchange, message authentication, entity identification among others. Recent works have shown that in order to provide provable security of these solutions against any quantum polynomial time adversary, QPUFs are required to be a unitary sampled uniformly randomly from the Haar measure. This however is known to require an exponential amount of resources. In this work, we propose an efficient construction of these devices using unitary t-designs, called QPUF t . Along the way, we modify the existing security definitions of QPUFs to include efficient constructions and showcase that QPUF t still retains the provable security guarantees against a bounded quantum polynomial adversary with t-query access to the device. This also provides the first use case of unitary t-design construction for arbitrary t, as opposed to previous applications of t-designs where usually a few (relatively low) values of t are known to be useful for performing some task. We study the noise-resilience of QPUF t against specific types of noise, unitary noise, and show that some resilience can be achieved particularly when the error rates affecting individual qubits become smaller as the system size increases. To make the noise-resilience more realistic and meaningful, we conclude that some notion of error mitigation or correction should be introduced.

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Theoretical framework for physical unclonable functions, including quantum readout

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions: Possibilities and Impossibilities

Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions: Possibilities and Impossibilities

Remote Quantum-Safe Authentication of Entities with Physical Unclonable Functions

Efficient Construction of Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions with Unitary t-designs

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