“…Several studies have indicated that the interaction of PD-L1 with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) results in tumor immune escape, consequently promoting tumor development and metastasis. Inhibiting these interactions can reactivate the toxic effect of T-cells and inhibit tumor proliferation [ [5] , [6] , [7] ]. However, clinical research showed that only a small group of patients can benefit from anti-PD-L1 inhibitors; the overall response rate is <30% [ [8] , [9] , [10] ].…”