Theoretical study of all-optical RZ-OOK to NRZ-OOK format conversion in uniform FBG for mixed line-rate DWDM systems

methods have been developed for different applications. Bimaterial packages have been proposed for a-thermal design [3][4][5][6], but those packages increased the original length of the FBG. Metallization of the FBG can increase the thermal sensitivity and mechanical stability, but it is difficult to maintain the original spectrum [7,8]. Polymer FBGs (PFBGs) have also been developed with high thermal and moisture sensitivity, but some research is still needed for manufacturing and packaging [9]. Planar waveguide Bragg gratings have been well developed using semiconductors [10-12], but they require complicated processes and the performance is limited compared with FBGs. Here, we presented a V-groove-based FBG package, which can be used to re-design the thermal sensitivity of FBGs to any value by selecting an appropriate substrate material (from 10 to 160 pm/K), with an unchanged spectrum, compact size, and good mechanical stability as bulky components. Furthermore, the developed FBG package can be used as a planar waveguide grating but with greater agility in fiber grating design and manufacture. Highly thermal-sensitive FBG packages can be used as tunable filters or temperature sensors in telecommunications, external cavity lasers, and sensing areas. Principle designThe V-groove is a longitudinal cut on the substrate material as shown in Fig. 1a. The V-groove about 0.3 mm in width and depth, making a regular triangle slot, can easily hold the fiber straight. The V-groove will then be filled with glue to fix the fiber inside. As shown in Fig. 1b, in the regular triangular slot the fiber is enclosed in glue from all sides; this minimizes glue stress damage on the FBG spectrum. The FBG is finally embedded in the upper surface Abstract We demonstrated a V-groove-based fiber Bragg grating (FBG) package that has been glue-filled and cured to make it a bulky component with much improved mechanical stability. The V-groove can be executed with many types of materials including plastics, ceramics, semiconductors, and metals, providing an easy method for redesigning the thermal tuning performance of FBGs by selecting among a wide variety of materials and processes. We achieved more than 10-nm thermal wavelength tuning and thermal sensitivity ranging from 15 to 160 pm/K. The original FBG spectrum can be maintained without any degradation because the fiber is buried in the V-groove. The compact package does not increase the original grating length and turns the FBG into a planar waveguide grating, improving FBG applications in telecommunications, external cavity lasers, and sensing areas.

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V-groove-based compact FBG package for thermal tuning and mechanical stability

Zhang

Fang

Wang

et al. 2016

Appl. Phys. B

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Stable dual-wavelength laser combined with gain flattening ML-FMF Bragg grating filter

Liang

Bai

et al. 2016

Optics Communications

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Transmissive Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Delay Line Interferometer for RZ-OOK to NRZ-OOK Format Conversion

Liu

Preciado

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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We propose a return-to-zero on-off keying (RZ-OOK) to non-return-to-zero (NRZ) OOK conversion scheme based on a transmissive phase-modulated fiber Bragg grating (PM-FBG). The PM-FBG has a spectrum similar to the combination of a delay line interferometer and a narrow band optical filter, which is designed and synthesized using numerical optimization algorithm. The coupling strength of the PM-FBG is almost uniform and the grating period varies along the fiber length according to the optimization method. The designed PM-FBG has been fabricated using advanced ultraviolet laser inscription technique. Experimental results show that such a PM-FBG can perform RZ-OOK to NRZ-OOK format conversion successfully.INDEX TERMS Bragg gratings, fiber optics, optical fiber devices, optical signal processing, optical fiber communication.

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Theoretical study of all-optical RZ-OOK to NRZ-OOK format conversion in uniform FBG for mixed line-rate DWDM systems

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

V-groove-based compact FBG package for thermal tuning and mechanical stability

V-groove-based compact FBG package for thermal tuning and mechanical stability

Stable dual-wavelength laser combined with gain flattening ML-FMF Bragg grating filter

Transmissive Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Delay Line Interferometer for RZ-OOK to NRZ-OOK Format Conversion

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