Theoretical Study of the Transesterification of Triglycerides to Biodiesel Fuel under Various Conditions

Asakuma, Yusuke

doi:10.5541/ijot.301

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1 and also that equilibrium constants decrease with increasing temperature, which is in accordance with theoretical calculations of phase and chemical equilibrium [28]. Furthermore, the values of activation energies for forward reactions (in k 11 , k 21 and k 31 ) are in line with the values obtained through theoretical calculations based on molecular orbital calculations for synthesis under acidic conditions [29][30][31]. Values for route (c) from [30] have been used to make comparison and this is shown in Table 5.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…However, this type of behaviour shouldn't be seen in this type of reactive system [28]. Also, values of k 22 at 150 and 210 °C indicate that activation energy for k 22 should be equal to 1026.2 kJ/mol which is hardly possible when compared to the values obtained in theoretical study using molecular orbital calculations [29,30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The comparison of Ea (kJ/mol) for forward reactions based on molecular orbital calculations[30] and values obtained in this study by the GA method…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Determination of kinetic parameters for complex transesterification reaction by standard optimisation methods

Almagrbi¹,

Hatami

Glišić³

et al. 2014

Hem Ind

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This article presents a methodology for kinetic parameter estimation which is based on standard optimization methods. The parameter estimation procedure is applied to the example of modelling of non-catalytic transesterification reaction, based on laboratory experiments performed under elevated pressure. The kinetic model employed in this study consists of three consecutive and parallel reversible reactions of the second order, with six kinetic constants. The influence of the mass transfer effects was considered as well. The best results were obtained by Genetic Algorithm method. The application of this method resulted in kinetic parameters with improved accuracy in predicting concentrations of important reaction intermediates, i.e. diglycerides and monoglycerides. Activation energies of kinetic parameters obtained by the Genetic Algorithm method are in very good agreement with theoretical values determined by molecular orbital calculations. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III-45019]

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Determination of kinetic parameters for complex transesterification reaction by standard optimisation methods

Almagrbi¹,

Hatami

Glišić³

et al. 2014

Hem Ind

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“…3 c). The monoglyceride content among the alkaline solvolysis products was probably caused by equilibrium reactions of transesterification [ 32 – 34 ], since peaks corresponding exclusively to monoalkylglycerols were observed after acid methanolysis (Fig. 3 b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ether‐Type Moieties in the Lipid Part of Glycoinositolphospholipids of Acanthamoeba rhysodes

Karaś

Russa

2014

Lipids

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Ether lipids were identified among components liberated with HF and nitrous acid deamination from Acanthamoeba rhysodes whole cells and its membrane glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPL). Liberated ether glycerols were converted to various derivatives that served characterization thereof. These included TMS and isopropylidene derivatives, oxidation with sodium periodate to aldehyde followed by reduction with NaBH4 to alcohol, and reaction of the alcohol with acetic anhydrite to form acetate derivatives. Periodate sensitivity demonstrated that the alkyl side chains were linked to the sn-1 position of glycerol. Combined information from TLC, GC–MS analysis, MALDI-TOF spectrometry, and chemical degradation experiments indicated the presence of ether-linked saturated normal and branched hydrocarbons with a length of C20–23 in the phospholipid fraction, C20–24 in free GPI, and C21–23 in the LPG polymer. The distribution of particular classes of alkylglycerols was similar for phospholipid and GPI fractions, and amounted to 2.62 % (±0.04–0.28) 1-O-eicosanyl-sn-glycerol, 16.66 % (±0.32–1.1) 1-O-uncosanyl-sn-glycerol, 9.18 % (±0.33–1.37) anteiso-1-O-docosanyl-sn-glycerol, 47.56 % (±0.32–2.14) 1-O-docosanyl-sn-glycerol, 20.56 % (±0.58–1.67) anteiso-1-O-tricosanyl-sn-glycerol, and 2.34 % (±0.12–0.63) 1-O-tricosanyl-sn-glycerol. For LPG preparation, the most abundant were anteiso-1-O-tricosanyl-sn-glycerol (57.26 %) and 1-O-docosanyl-sn-glycerol (30.12 %). The data from TLC and GC–MS analysis showed that ether lipids from phospholipids probably represent the lyso-alkylglycerol type, while those derived from GIPL are alkylacylglycerol moieties.

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“…1). The reaction mechanism proceeds through steps which involve the transition from triglycerides to diglycerides and then to monoglycerides, eventually leaving the free glycerol; the activation energies for the hydrolysis of the three esters show that the hydrolysis of the central ester is favoured, so the two external esters are hydrolysed after the central one [7,8]. The traditional hydrolysis of the fats/oils is typically conducted in a water bath with the addition of an alkaline solution (sodium or potassium hydroxide in water).…”

Section: Saponification Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Initiation of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Triglycerides (Saponification) Without Phase Catalysis

Mercantili

Davis

Higson

2013

J Surfact & Detergents

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A study into the ultrasonic initiated alkaline hydrolysis of triglycerides (also known as the saponification reaction) is described. Sunflower oil is used as a source of triglycerides. The reaction is driven by the ultrasound from either an ultrasonic water bath (35 kHz-85 W) or a probe (40 kHz-50 W) in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH). It will be shown that ultrasound is effective as a power source to initiate and drive the reaction, that a high reaction yield is achievable in only 15 min of total power application while working at ambient temperature, and that no detectable by-products are generated during the reaction. Comparison of the two methods shows the ultrasonic probe to be the superior technique. Our method demonstrates reasonable yields can be obtained without the need for excess alkali or phase transfer catalysis. Curing the soap for several weeks allowed the saponification reaction to proceed to completion. Suggestions for a practical application have also been given.

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Theoretical Study of the Transesterification of Triglycerides to Biodiesel Fuel under Various Conditions

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Determination of kinetic parameters for complex transesterification reaction by standard optimisation methods

Determination of kinetic parameters for complex transesterification reaction by standard optimisation methods

Ether‐Type Moieties in the Lipid Part of Glycoinositolphospholipids of Acanthamoeba rhysodes

Ultrasonic Initiation of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Triglycerides (Saponification) Without Phase Catalysis

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