Theorizing Community Development

Bhattacharyya, Jnanabrata

doi:10.1080/15575330409490110

Cited by 237 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…CD has been interpreted by professionals and practitioners in the field of Business and Management as "locality development" (Bhattacharyya, 2004). Scholars in the fields of social and management sciences believe it is the "most practical" agenda for societal change for people and their localities (Tan, 2009, p.6).…”

Section: Community Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nigerian Oil Industry: Assessing Community Development and Sustainability

Makpor¹,

Leite²

2017

IJBM

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Purpose: The reoccurrence of loss in revenue generation from the oil industry which is due to the unstable and heated relationship between oil corporations and host communities in the Niger Delta (ND) region of Nigeria has spurred the strategic social permission of oil multinational corporations (OMNCs) to operate in the country. Thus, OMNCs have continually given attention to the challenges faced by the region through community development in terms of initiatives and projects. Community development (CD) and sustainability are core to viable social responsibility (SR) whether from the part of government or from OMNCs. However, since the independence of the country in 1960, a lot of development agencies and commissions have been established by the government towards social and infrastructural development in the ND region. These agencies and commissions often combine efforts with OMNCs to enforce development and sustainability in the region which consequently result in mutual benefits on both ends. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine CD and sustainability of host communities in the ND by evaluating initiatives conducted by government development agencies such as the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) and OMNCs such as ExxonMobil and Shell Petroleum Development Commission (SPDC) in the region.Approach/Design/Methodology: The paper applied a qualitative research approach. It conceptualises CD and sustainability and examines the views of community members on initiatives from the NDDC and OMNCs. Instruments for primary data collection were the Focus Group Discussion, In-depth Interviews (IDIs) and observation. The research made use of thirty IDIs and five FGDs. Secondary sources of data were journal articles, reports and other documents from both the OMNCs and NDDC. It also made use of the Nvivo11 software to organise the data while a content-based analysis was used to set data into themes. The study puts into consideration the perspectives of different community members as well as the various concepts which exist in the literature.Findings: Analysis reveals that there is positive impact when development takes place in host communities and sustainability attained but consequently, there are no probable and visible improvement of the OMNCs operations and business in the region, which is why there is reoccurrence of revenue loss in the country from the oil sector.Value/Originality: This paper gives voice to participants in a social setting by highlighting the importance of CD and sustainability in the ND region. It does this by looking into the different initiatives conducted by the NDDC, ExxonMobile and SPDC.

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Section: Community Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nigerian Oil Industry: Assessing Community Development and Sustainability

Makpor¹,

Leite²

2017

IJBM

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“…As solidarity economy presupposes cooperation and solidarity amongst associates and integration with the community in which they operate. According to Bhattacharyya (2004, p. 14) [35] "solidarity demands that we feel a concern for every person in the nation and the world as a whole (the solidarity of the species), extending solidarity to people we do not know". Therefore, this dimension represents the evaluation criteria related to ease of accessing an organization's documents, and to commitment and solidarity among associates.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian Solidarity Economy Rural Organizations: Validating Performance Evaluation Criteria Based on Decision Makers’ Perception

2017

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Abstract:The majority of the world's current economic models are destructive and unsustainable. Little progress has been made in recent years to change this, despite significant discussion surrounding the theme. In this context, the solidarity economy presents itself as an alternative that seeks environmental and economic sustainability, as well as social promotion. In Brazil, Solidarity Economy Rural Organizations (SEROs) began in the 1970s. As with organizations from other sectors, they should be evaluated in relation to their ability to achieve social and solidarity objectives. Thus, this study aims to present a theoretical model of performance evaluation indicators for Solidarity Economy Rural Organizations in Southern Brazil based on the perceptions of the organizations' decision makers. SERO representatives interviewed were asked to rank 36 criteria commonly used in performance evaluations, which were grouped into six dimensions: (1) legal documents and standards; (2) valuing of human work; (3) technology and economy; (4) acknowledgment of women; (5) preservation of and respect for nature; and (6) cooperation and solidarity. The results show that SERO representatives consider that performance evaluations should adhere to the Brazilian Declaration of Solidarity Economy Principles. Additionally, we identified a greater concern with criteria correlated to technical and legal aspects than criteria related to solidarity and humanitarianism. These results are relevant for the maintenance of rural solidarity economy organization as they provide a base for developing processes and tools to be used in SERO performance evaluations; such processes are necessary to maintain sustainable development in low-income economies, and to enable solidarity organizations to reach their objectives.

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“…The community development literature chronicles this field's organisational and goal fluidity as well as its socio-political energy. Broadly aimed at promoting solidarity and agency (Bhattacharyya, 2004), community development has been cast as a triumvirate of 'social support', 'social justice' and 'social capital' (Dolan, 2008), as a process that entails 'organization, facilitation and action which allows people to establish ways to create the community they want to live in' (Matarrita-Cascante and Brennan 2012, p.297). Community leadership is central to this creation: 'leadership within communities of different people who come together in collaborative endeavour' (Kirk and Shutte, 2004, p.237).…”

Section: Community Development and Philanthropymentioning

confidence: 99%

Philanthropy and community development: the vital signs of community foundation?

Harrow

Jung

2016

Community Dev J

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Increased funding pressures on community development and reductions in governmental funding for community support suggest potent roles for philanthropy as a funding source, and the possibility of changing relationships between community development and philanthropy.Focusing on English community foundations and their implementation of the Canadian Vital Signs initiative, which is geared towards assessing communities' vitality and social priorities, our article explores whether, and how, such changes may be occurring.Using the literature on the respective value of 'unsettling' and 'settled' third sector organisations to community development, we reflect on the roles and contributions of community foundations to community development through community philanthropy. Vital Signs reports' content indicates donor-led community philanthropy associated with ameliorative rather than fundamental social change positions, as well as uncertainty surrounding community leadership in this context. We identify community foundations as 'settled' organisations within the community development spectrum and as reflecting the 'directed' community development form. In this instance, it appears that the philanthropycommunity development gap that we suggest is at best being partially bridged. Nevertheless, and paradoxically, these organisations' achievement of financial security through community donorship could also strengthen their community leadership roles in 'unsettling' ways, so doing more to lessen philanthropy and community development's separation.3

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Theorizing Community Development

Cited by 237 publications

References 23 publications

The Nigerian Oil Industry: Assessing Community Development and Sustainability

The Nigerian Oil Industry: Assessing Community Development and Sustainability

Brazilian Solidarity Economy Rural Organizations: Validating Performance Evaluation Criteria Based on Decision Makers’ Perception

Philanthropy and community development: the vital signs of community foundation?

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