Theorizing Native American Land Seizure: An Analysis of Tactical Changes in the Late Twentieth Century

Wetzel, Christopher

doi:10.1080/14742830802591127

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although social movement scholars focused heavily on Black activism during the Civil Rights era, the “racial middle” (see O'Brien, )—including Asian Americans, Latinos (Chicanos and Puerto Ricans), and Native Americans (Pulido, ; Wetzel, )—also organized mass mobilizations during this time period. There is some scholarship that documents the social conditions that led to the mobilization of these different communities.…”

Section: Centering Ethnoracial Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing ethnoracial mobilization

Reyes

Ragon

2018

Sociology Compass

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This article examines scholarship about ethnoracial mobilization written by sociologists within the subfields of social movements and race and racism. We situate our synthesis within critiques put forward by other scholars about the treatment of ethnoracial movements within the social movement subfield. Using these critiques as launching points, we find two broad patterns in the literature: (a) a focus on ethnoracial social movements that decenters race, at times treating it as an independent variable and (b) a focus on mobilizations for racial equity that treats race as a dynamic and constructed process. Within the latter focus, we note research that investigates ethnoracial mobilization at the macro‐, meso‐, and micro‐levels. We call for more research on movements that specifically consider the mobilization and construction of ethnoracial identities. In doing so, we provide a conceptual map of the field and make suggestions for how social movement scholars employing distinct theoretical foci can engage in ethnoracial analysis. Finally, we hypothesize why there might be a dearth of research within the social movement subfield that engages in critical analysis of ethnoracial dynamics of social movements.

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Section: Centering Ethnoracial Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing ethnoracial mobilization

Reyes

Ragon

2018

Sociology Compass

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“…Elsewhere, I detail three distinct phases of Native American land seizure activism that occurred throughout the United States during the second half of the 20th century (Wetzel, 2009). Elsewhere, I detail three distinct phases of Native American land seizure activism that occurred throughout the United States during the second half of the 20th century (Wetzel, 2009).…”

Section: A History Of Native Land Seizuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The takeover of Alcatraz Island is a particularly prominent moment in a long history of indigenous land seizure activism. Elsewhere, I detail three distinct phases of Native American land seizure activism that occurred throughout the United States during the second half of the 20th century (Wetzel, 2009). During the “recuperative” phase of action, stretching from January 1950 through October 1969, 13 actions focused on reclaiming specific areas on reservations regularly used by non-Native peoples, such as beaches, bridges, and roads.…”

Section: A History Of Native Land Seizuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Envisioning Land Seizure

Wetzel

2011

American Behavioral Scientist

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Although land seizure is designed to be an evocative and provocative tactic for social movement organizations, how are groups' members, goals, and claims portrayed in subsequent media coverage? Focusing on the Indians of All Tribes' occupation of Alcatraz Island, this article qualitatively analyzes photographic representations of protest in three national newspapers. Images published during the occupation (1969 to 1971) represent Indian activists as lazing or inactive, politically ineffectual, and invisible. When foregrounding contention, photographs showed negatively affected non-Natives or Indians being arrested. By contrast, images published after the occupation (1972 to 2000) generally concentrate on the physical space of the island as a tourist destination rather than a site of conflict. Social scientists should critically assess the media's role in shaping collective perceptions about social movements through visual images, particularly when tactics are designed to garner media attention.

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“…This collective resistance, though dating back to the 1800s, only became fairly regular in practice during the latter part of the twentieth century (Wetzel 2009). It is widely accepted that the current phase began in 1969, when Indigenous people successfully used mass mobilization to block the passage of the White Paper, which was federal legislation aimed at eliminating ''Indian Status'' and the special rights this status entails (Ramos 2008a(Ramos , 2008bSanders 1985;York 1989).…”

Section: Direct Action By Indigenous Peoplesmentioning

confidence: 99%