System dynamics is extensively used as a decision support method in the energy sector. There exists a wide body of applications worldwide that are used not only within power companies but also by governmental agencies at the regional and national level. This review includes most of the relevant energy publications related to system dynamics and presents them within a literature review table divided into four key energy topics. This literature review is carried out in a chronological way and focuses on the period since the year 2000. The main purpose of this study is to summarise the remarkable body of work and the latest system dynamics trends related to the energy sector, in particular renewable energy that system dynamics practitioners have accumulated in the last 15 years.