Theory and Technology of Quenching

Liščić, Božidar; Tensi, H. M.; Luty, W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-01596-4

Cited by 94 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…In regard to the quenching of cylindrical samples, many published studies are mostly based on 1D axisymmetric problems of older ( [1], [2], [3] ...) and more recent ( [9], [10]) date, while 2D axisymmetric and 3D problems are very rare or none ( [11], [12], [13]). Fig.…”

Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 depicts vertical immersion of the cylinder with diameter D, height H, initial temperature  850 °C, and rate w a = 0.025 m/s, in the cooling fluid that flows upwards with speed w 1 = 0.336 m/s. During the immersion of the probe into the cooling fluid, temperature values are continuously measured in four points (1,2,3,4) of the probe, using embedded thermoelements. Fig.…”

Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimate of Heat Transfer Coefficient during Quenching Steel in Water

Behrem

Hrnjica

2018

TFAMENA

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SummaryThe paper presents the process of two-dimensional axisymmetric quenching of cylindrical samples in water at 40 C. Experimental work consists of quenching three dimensionally different cylindrical probes. The dimensions of the probes are: 25x50, 50x150 and 75x225 mm. Three measuring points are 1.5 mm below the cylinder surface positioned at the cylinder height, whereas the fourth measuring point is in the center of gravity of the cylinder. The quenching was conducted in strict controlled rate of water flow at the cylinder head. The problem of the task belongs to inverse problems of heat conduction, or ill posed problems, so that the solution to the problem leads to a sufficiently accurate estimate of the unknown heat transfer coefficient, imposed on the outer surface of the cylinder. Computer model solutions use experimental results of temperature measurements to minimize errors between computer calculations and measured temperature values in the same place. The selected solution algorithm is a hybrid algorithm that consists of a combination of three different algorithms of solution, connected into a single unit.

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Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimate of Heat Transfer Coefficient during Quenching Steel in Water

Behrem

Hrnjica

2018

TFAMENA

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“…During the self-regulated thermal process the surface temperature of steel parts maintains at the level of boiling point of liquid and never can be below it until boiling heat transfer coefficient is larger than convection heat transfer coefficient [6]. There are two specific surface temperatures of self-regulated thermal process (SRTP): 1 T and 2 T .Within the short time interval between temperatures T o and T 1 (Fig. 1) the formation of boiling boundary layer is formed.…”

Section: The Self-regulated Thermal Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) the formation of boiling boundary layer is formed. Cold liquid is heated to boiling point and surface temperature of steel parts drops immediately to temperature 1 T . At the temperature T 1 developed transient nucleate boiling process starts which continue until temperature T 2 is reached.…”

Section: The Self-regulated Thermal Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is explained by complicated problem which includes shock boiling, local and developed film boiling, transient nucleate boiling process and convection. Local and full film boiling processes generate four types of heat transfer modes [1,2] which require choosing specific boundary condition to make correctly calculations. It is shown in last decades that any film boiling during quenching is not desirable and it must be eliminated by use:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Transient Nucleate Boiling Processes and Their Practical Use in Heat Treating Industry

Kobasko¹

2017

EUREKA: Physics and Engineering

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In the paper transient nucleate boiling process is widely discussed. It’s unknown previously and investigated by author characteristics create a basis for designing of new technologies which allow receiving super strengthened materials. Obtained results are also used for appropriate software development to be widely applied for control of technological processes and cooling recipes design. A possibility of transition from real heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) to effective HTCs is discussed in the paper too. It is shown that core temperature of steel parts at the end of transient nucleate boiling (self-regulated thermal process (SRTP)) is a linear function of a part dimension when convective heat transfer coefficient during quenching in liquid media is fixed. Also, it is shown that effective Kondrtajev number Kn is a function of part size and convection intensity and is almost linear function for large sizes of steel parts. Surface temperature at the beginning of self-regulated thermal process and at its end is calculated depending on size and intensity of cooling. Based on obtained new results, it is possible to design DATABASE for liquid quenchants using standard Inconel 600 probe combined with the Liscic/Petrofer probe. Obtained results can be useful for engineers and software designers.

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Steel, 5. Microstructures, Properties, and Adjustment of Properties

Hougardy

Dahl

Grabke

2011

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Microstructure 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Phase Diagrams of Iron Alloys 1.3. Definitions 1.4. Microstructures in Plain Carbon Steels 1.5. Microstructures of Alloy Steels 2. Properties 2.1. Mechanical Properties 2.1.1. Behavior Under Unidirectional Loads, at and Below Room Temperature 2.1.2. Behavior Under Cyclic Loading 2.1.3. Behavior at Higher Temperatures 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.2.1. Introduction 2.2.2. Uniform Corrosion 2.2.3. Atmospheric Corrosion 2.2.4. Passivation 2.2.5. Pitting Corrosion 2.2.6. Crevice Corrosion 2.2.7. Intergranular Corrosion of Stainless Steels 2.2.8. Stress Corrosion Cracking 2.2.9. Hydrogen Adsorption and Hydrogen Embrittlement 2.2.10. Oxidation of Iron 2.2.11. Oxidation of Carbon Steels and Low‐Alloy Steels 2.2.12. High‐Temperature Steels 2.2.13. Effects of Chlorine in Oxidation 2.2.14. Sulfidation of Iron and Steel 2.2.15. Carburization 2.2.16. Nitriding 2.2.17. Decarburization, Denitriding, and Hydrogen Attack 2.3. Physical Properties 2.3.1. Pure Iron 2.3.2. α‐Iron Solid Solutions 2.3.3. γ‐Iron Solid Solutions 2.3.4. Other Effects of Structure 3. Heat Treatment 3.1. Time ‐ Temperature Transformation Diagrams 3.2. Heat Treatment of Transformable Steels 3.2.1. Austenitizing 3.2.2. Transformations 3.2.3. Effect of Dimensions 3.2.4. Quenching and Tempering 3.2.5. Spheroidized Annealing 3.2.6. Thermomechanical Treatment 3.2.7. Surface Hardening 3.3. Heat Treatment Without Transformation 3.3.1. Recrystallization 3.4. Simulation of Heat Treatment

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Theory and Technology of Quenching

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

Estimate of Heat Transfer Coefficient during Quenching Steel in Water

Estimate of Heat Transfer Coefficient during Quenching Steel in Water

Investigation of Transient Nucleate Boiling Processes and Their Practical Use in Heat Treating Industry

Steel, 5. Microstructures, Properties, and Adjustment of Properties

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