Theory‐Based Determinants of Youth Smoking: A Multiple Influence Approach¹

Abstract

This study tested a broad array of determinants of smoking grounded in general social psychological theories, as well as personality and social development theories. Using data from 2,004 middle school students, all proximal and distal determinants significantly predicted smoking in the hypothesized direction. Further, hierarchical logistic regressions showed that intention to smoke, positive and negative attitudes toward smoking, impediments to smoking, self‐efficacy to resist smoking, parent norms, and academic success most strongly predicted current smoking. Hierarchical linear regressions suggested that parental relatedness, maladaptive coping strategies, depression, and low academic aspirations most strongly predicted susceptibility to smoking for those who had not yet smoked a cigarette. Global expectancies were the strongest predictor of susceptibility in low socioeconomic status students. These findings may guide the development of future theory‐based interventions that produce the greatest reductions in youth smoking.

Correlates of Susceptibility to Smoking among Secondary School Students in Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia

“…In this study, the percentage of susceptibility-tosmoking increases with age, from 12% among Form 1 (age 13 years old) to 15.2% (Form 2-age 14 years old) and 16.8% among those in Form 4 (16 years old); the finding is consistent with Chen et al (2008), Elder et al (2000), Carvajal et al 2004, Ertas (2007 and Elton -Marshall et al (2013) all reported the increasing trend of susceptibility with increasing age i.e, from 14% among 7 th grader, 16.3% (8 th grade) and 19.2% among high school students. The finding in the current study may also partially explain why susceptibility-to-smoking increases in inverse proportion to the level of parental monitoring exercised, that is, as monitoring decreases with a growing child susceptibility increases (Carvajal et al, 2004;Waa et al, 2011;Ozturk et al, 2013).…”

“…The finding in the current study may also partially explain why susceptibility-to-smoking increases in inverse proportion to the level of parental monitoring exercised, that is, as monitoring decreases with a growing child susceptibility increases (Carvajal et al, 2004;Waa et al, 2011;Ozturk et al, 2013). This lack of parental monitoring has also been shown to increase the risk of susceptibility-to-smoking in a previous study (Forrester et al, 2007;Jeganathan et al, 2013).…”

Autoeficacia e intención conductual del consumo de tabaco en adolescentes: validez factorial y relación estructural

“…Algunos estudios (Calleja, 1998;Carvajal y Granillo, 2006;Carvajal, Hanson, Downing, Coyle y Pederson, 2004;Flay et al, 1994) han demostrado que las dimensiones cognoscitivas afectan una determinada conducta y la adopción de un curso de acción en particular. Específicamente se ha encontrado que la autoeficacia es un determinante de la conducta, ya que a partir de la misma es posible predecir la conducta, en este sentido la autoeficacia se ha puesto a prueba para predecir el consumo de sustancias adictivas.…”

“…Específicamente se ha encontrado que la autoeficacia es un determinante de la conducta, ya que a partir de la misma es posible predecir la conducta, en este sentido la autoeficacia se ha puesto a prueba para predecir el consumo de sustancias adictivas. Por ejemplo, si un adolescente no se siente capaz de resistir la tentación de consumir tabaco (baja autoeficacia percibida), tendrá mayor probabilidad de fumar o de actuar bajo la influencia social (Carvajal et al, 2004;Carvajal et al, 2006). La autoeficacia percibida afecta el consumo de substancias adictivas, las personas con alta autoeficacia son más resistentes al consumo de substancias adictivas que quienes no tienen un fuerte control personal.…”

“…La intención de fumar se ha identificado como un predictor del consumo en jóvenes (Calleja y Aguilar, 2008;Carvajal et al, 2004;Carvajal et al, 2006;Schonfield et al, 2003), sin embargo, pocos estudios han demostrado la dirección y magnitud a través del cual constructos cómo la autoeficacia relacionada con el consumo de tabaco inciden en la intención conductual para fumar y cómo ambos influyen en la consumo de tabaco en jóvenes.…”