Theory of Redistribution Systems

Budinský, Petr; Valenčík, Radim

doi:10.18267/j.polek.702

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…According to Valenčík the redistribution systems are defined as a "system in which there exists a redistribution of wages and output of particular participants of the system. As a typical cause of redistribution, the creation of fusion inside various systems including firms, organizations or institutions are taken" (Budinský, Valenčík, 2009) The theory (Renesch, Valenčík, 2010;Valenčík, 2008) is based on the simplification of taking the form of elemental distribution system, including a limited number of three players in the system. The performances of players are divided in the ratio 6:4:2, all coalitions are possible and equal, all players are informed about what their performance is and the greater redistribution than paid for the performance, the less efficiency of the entire system.…”

Section: Using the Theory Of Redistribution Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Price Regulation in the Theory of Redistribution Systems

Svatošová¹,

Žahour²,

Košnarová³

et al. 2014

AAK

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Nowadays, a firm has to, not only, follow the outside environment and predominantly its field environment where it constantly maps customers´ behaviour, but the firm has to also perceive the inside environment. Firm price making represents the key role. This paper describes pharmaceutical market and its rules of price making. As remedies should be available to anyone, it is obvious that the market is regulated by state. Products are divided into groups according to their prices. The groups are identified by the highest possible percentage of margin that can be made by a particular product. On the basis of publicly available data this paper analyses behaviour of producers and distributors and looks for similar characteristics of such behaviour. The goal of this article is to analyse current pharmaceutical market in relation with regulated prices and on this basis to describe optimal profit margin on this market. Today's economy results from more or less theoretical findings that cannot be fully compatible with economic reality. This situation is illustrated by game theory and consequently arising theory of redistribution systems. When creating theoretical visions, it is necessary to go basically from known patterns of real economy. This paper is also focused on practical usage of game theory and theory of redistribution systems on pharmaceutical market through research of redistribution of regulated margin between various subjects of supply chain.

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Section: Using the Theory Of Redistribution Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Price Regulation in the Theory of Redistribution Systems

Svatošová¹,

Žahour²,

Košnarová³

et al. 2014

AAK

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“…Naše práce navazuje na odhady dopadů těchto změn ze studií IDEA (Dušek, Janský, 2011b). 3 Metodologie těchto odhadů je detailněji popsána ve studii IDEA Duška a Janského (2011a) a také v jejich článku (Dušek, Janský, 2012). 4 Zde uveďme alespoň stručné shrnutí metodologie odhadů dopadů sjednocení DPH na životní úroveň domácností.…”

Section: Současný Stav Poznáníunclassified

How to compensate families for the VAT unification: to reduce tax in employed people or to increase allowances in the poorest ones?

Jánský¹,

Kalíšková²

2012

Kontakt

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v. v. i., a Institut ekonomických studií, Fakulta sociálních věd, Univerzita Karlova v Praze 2 CERGE-EI, společné pracoviště Centra pro ekonomický výzkum a postgraduální vzdělání Univerzity Karlovy a Národohospodářského ústavu AVČR, v. v. i., Praha Summary Social and tax policies in the Czech Republic are interconnected in a number of dimensions including the redistribution and thus, they considerably participate in the measure of the redistribution. In the article presented here, we analyze particular interactions between social and tax policies with a regard to changes in the measure of the redistribution and with putting emphasize on planned changes in the value added tax (VAT) and policies aimed at supporting families and children. In the main part of the article, we estimate impacts of compensations for the VAT unification in families with children to be of 17.5% and evaluate an increase in the tax reduction by 150 CZK per child monthly since 2012 and possible alternatives. In this way, we present an extension and continuation of estimates of impacts of the VAT unification at 17.5% in IDAE studies at CERGE-EI, which will reduce realistic incomes of households on average by about 0.8%, i.e. 200 CZK monthly during a long-term period. According to our estimate, compensatory provisions of the government would reduce the proportion of households negatively affected by the VAT unification from 80 to 65% and the drop in realistic incomes would be essentially compensated in families with children (households with children would lose 35 CZK monthly on average). However, the increase in the tax reduction does not sufficiently compensate the poorest families, since it mainly helps families with employed parents. The main advantage of this mechanism is, however, the fact that it affects a great proportion of households with children in general. We furthermore analyze the increase in children´s allowances as an alternative form of the compensation of families with children. It would more positively affect the poorest families, but it exerts impacts on a lower percentage of families with children. A combination of the increase in the tax reduction per child by 120 CZK and increase in children´s allowances by 115 CZK makes it possible to combine advantages of the two compensatory mechanisms without changing costs paid from the state budget compared to the governmental proposal of the increase in the reduction in tax per child by 150 CZK. This combined proposal at least partially compensates 99% of all the families with children and sufficiently protects even the poorest families.

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“…Dalšími makroekonomickými daňovými studiemi jsou například Široký (2009), který studuje vztah mezi daněmi a přijetím Eura, nebo Budinský, Valenčík (2009), kteří se zabývají nejen zdaněním, ale obecněji teoriemi redistribučních systémů.…”

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The Impact of VAT Changes on the Households´ Real Incomes

Dušek¹,

Jánský²

2012

Politicka ekonomie

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ÚvodSjednocení sazeb daně z přidané hodnoty zaujímá dominantní místo v diskusi o daňových změnách a fi nancování důchodů v Česku. Expertní skupina pro reformu důchodů v červnu 2010 doporučila sjednotit sazby daně z přidané hodnoty (DPH) na 19 % a souběžně snížit sociální pojistné placené zaměstnavatelem o 5 procentních bodů jako jeden z prvků důchodové reformy. K tomuto plánu se přihlásila i Národní ekonomická rada vlády.1 Hlavní motivací nebylo zvýšit příjmy státního rozpočtu, ale učinit daňový systém efektivnější. V únoru koaliční ministři předložili konkrétní obrysy důchodové reformy, jejímž doprovodným opatřením mělo být sjednocení DPH na 20 % při zachování několika málo druhů potravin v 10% sazbě a snížení sociál-ního pojistného placeného zaměstnavatelem o 1,8 procentního bodu.2 Konečný vládní návrh počítá se zvýšením dolní sazby DPH na 14 % v roce 2012 a sjednocením sazeb DPH na 17,5 % bez výjimek. Návrh byl v listopadu 2011 schválen parlamentem a podepsán prezidentem.3 Záměr spojit zvýšení DPH se snížením sociálního pojistného byl opuštěn; určité úpravy pojistného byly přesunuty do širší reformy přímých daní, která dle aktuálně projednávané legislativy nabude účinnosti až od roku 2013. 4V článku předkládáme odhady dopadů navrhovaných daňových změn na životní úroveň různých typů domácností. Detailně vyhodnocujeme jejich distribuční efekty, tj. rozdíly v dopadech na domácnosti s rozdílnou úrovní příjmů, ekonomickou aktivitou či počtem dětí. Odhady počítají, o kolik se změní životní náklady a čisté příjmy každé domácnosti zastoupené ve Statistice rodinných účtů, a to jak v absolutní výši 1Závěrečná zpráva Poradního expertního sboru ministra fi nancí a ministra práce a sociálních věcí, červen 2010

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Theory of Redistribution Systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Pharmaceutical Price Regulation in the Theory of Redistribution Systems

Pharmaceutical Price Regulation in the Theory of Redistribution Systems

How to compensate families for the VAT unification: to reduce tax in employed people or to increase allowances in the poorest ones?

The Impact of VAT Changes on the Households´ Real Incomes

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