“…For the combining setup without microlens array, Bochove has established a mathematical model analyzing the cavity coupling efficiency [10,20]. For an emitter with off-axis distance X n , transverse offset Y, tilt angles θ x and θ y , considering a Gaussian mode field with waist spot radius w 1 , the coupling efficiency, defined as the fraction of light (with wavelength of λ) coupled back into the fiber core via the external cavity, is of the form:…”