Theory of surface deposition from a binary dilute vapor-containing stream, allowing for equilibrium condensation within the laminar boundary layer

Castillo, José L.; Rosner, Daniel E.

doi:10.1016/0301-9322(89)90088-8

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…From the perspective of ecological relevance, distillation might be more important than previously thought, although it has no large-scale hydrological significance as it is simply a moisture transfer from the soil to the atmosphere (Monteith, 1957) and was thought to be detrimental by enlarging soil water loss via providing a shortcut for the water transfer (Chaney, 1981). The ecological relevance of distillation can be expected if the transfer of moisture is from one hydrological pool that is inaccessible to plants to another that is actually accessible to plants.…”

Section: Potential Effects Of Non-rainfall Water On Local Water Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dew and radiation fog inputs in the local water cycling of a temperate grassland during dry spells in central Europe

Aemisegger

Riedl

et al. 2021

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. During dry spells, non-rainfall water (hereafter NRW) mostly formed from dew and fog potentially plays an increasingly important role in temperate grassland ecosystems with ongoing global warming. Dew and radiation fog occur in combination during clear and calm nights, and both use ambient water vapor as a source. Research on the combined mechanisms involved in NRW inputs to ecosystems is rare, and distillation of water vapor from the soil as a NRW input pathway for dew formation has hardly been studied. Furthermore, eddy covariance (EC) measurements are associated with large uncertainties on clear, calm nights when dew and radiation fog occur. The aim of this paper is thus to use stable isotopes as tracers to investigate the different NRW input pathways into a temperate Swiss grassland at Chamau during dry spells in summer 2018. Stable isotopes provide additional information on the pathways from water vapor to liquid water (dew and fog) that cannot be measured otherwise. We measured the isotopic composition (δ18O, δ2H, and d=δ2H-8⋅δ18O) of ambient water vapor, NRW droplets on leaf surfaces, and soil moisture and combined them with EC and meteorological observations during one dew-only and two combined dew and radiation fog events. The ambient water vapor d was found to be strongly linked with local surface relative humidity (r=-0.94), highlighting the dominant role of local moisture as a source for ambient water vapor in the synoptic context of the studied dry spells. Detailed observations of the temporal evolution of the ambient water vapor and foliage NRW isotopic signals suggest two different NRW input pathways: (1) the downward pathway through the condensation of ambient water vapor and (2) the upward pathway through the distillation of water vapor from soil onto foliage. We employed a simple two-end-member mixing model using δ18O and δ2H to quantify the NRW inputs from these two different sources. With this approach, we found that distillation contributed 9 %–42 % to the total foliage NRW, which compares well with estimates derived from a near-surface vertical temperature gradient method proposed by Monteith in 1957. The dew and radiation fog potentially produced 0.17–0.54 mm d−1 NRW gain on foliage, thereby constituting a non-negligible water flux to the canopy, as compared to the evapotranspiration of 2.7 mm d−1. Our results thus underline the importance of NRW inputs to temperate grasslands during dry spells and reveal the complexity of the local water cycle in such conditions, including different pathways of dew and radiation fog water inputs.

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Section: Potential Effects Of Non-rainfall Water On Local Water Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dew and radiation fog inputs in the local water cycling of a temperate grassland during dry spells in central Europe

Aemisegger

Riedl

et al. 2021

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The diffusional capture of small particles influences the inertial capture (via sticking probability) of larger particles (see, e.g., Rosner and Nagarajan, 1987) Appreciable particle-particle coagulation occurs in the immediate vicinity of the collector (see, e.g., Park and Rosner, 1988a;Biswas, 1988) A portion of the preexisting aerosol population coupled with the host fluid flow to modify the transfer coefficient of the smaller particles (see, e.g., Park and Rosner, 198813, 1989) The depositing particles scavenge an appreciable mass of coexisting vapor within the thermal boundary layer adjacent to the collector (see, e.g., Castillo and Rosner, 1988) Appreciable particle production (from a supersaturated vapor) occurs within the thermal boundary layer adjacent to the collector (see, e.g., Castillo and Rosner, 1989;Liang et al, 1989). However, even in most of these more complex (coupled) cases, it will still be useful and instructive to compare actual rates to those expected based on the simple procedure outlined in this paper.…”

Section: Aiche Journalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition rates from polydispersed particle populations of arbitrary spread

Rosner

Tassopoulos

1989

AIChE Journal

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For particle deposition from log-normal polydispersed aerosol streams by one or more of several mechanisms described by piecewise-power-law mass transfer coefficients, w e derive useful relations between actual total mass deposition rates and t h e 'reference' rate one would calculate by imagining that all particles in t h e mainstream population had t h e average particle volume V (=&/N,,). Included here are diffusion or inertial mechanisms for laminar-or turbulent-boundary layers, free-molecular or continuum diffusion at high Peclet numbers of d e n s e spherical particles, or fractal agglomerates. The mainstream particle volume distribution is considered to b e log-normal with arbitrary 'spread' parameter, thereby generalizing earlier results for "coagulation-aged'' (self-preserving) distributions. Further generalizations include transitions between important particle transport mechanisms, opening t h e way t o efficient, finite-analytic methods for predicting mass deposition rates for arbitrary, size-dependent particle capture efficiencies.

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“…Nonequilibrium fractionation is usually considered to be negligible above −10 • C in the process of vapor condensing to liquid in clouds (Jouzel et al, 1987). However, non-equilibrium fractionation driven by molecular diffusion might have played an important role in a laminar fog boundary layer (FBL) (Castillo and Rosner, 1989;Epstein et al, 1992), which led to lower δ 18 O fNRW and δ 2 H fNRW than δ 18 O aNRW and δ 2 H aNRW at 05:00 CET in event 3 (Fig. 7a, b) when radiation fog occurred (Fig.…”

Section: Isotopic Composition Of Different Non-rainfall Water Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dew and radiation fog inputs in the local water cycling of a temperate grassland during dry spells in central Europe

Li¹,

Aemisegger

Riedl³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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During dry spells, non-rainfall water (hereafter NRW) mostly formed from dew and fog potentially plays an increasingly important role in temperate grassland ecosystems with ongoing global warming. Dew and radiation fog occur in combination during clear and calm nights, and both use ambient water vapor as a source. Research on the combined mechanisms involved in NRW inputs to ecosystems is rare, and distillation of water vapor from the soil as a NRW input pathway for dew formation has hardly been studied. Furthermore, eddy covariance (EC) measurements are associated with large uncertainties on clear, calm nights when dew and radiation fog occur. The aim of this paper is thus to use stable isotopes as tracers to investigate the different NRW input pathways into a temperate Swiss grassland at Chamau during dry spells in summer 2018. Stable isotopes provide additional information on the pathways from water vapor to liquid water (dew and fog) that cannot be measured otherwise. We measured the isotopic composition (&#948;18O, &#948;2H, and d = &#948;2H &#8722; 8&#8901;&#948;18O) of ambient water vapor, NRW droplets on leaf surfaces, and soil moisture and combined them with EC and meteorological observations during one dew-only and two combined dew and radiation fog events. The ambient water vapor d was found to be strongly linked with local surface relative humidity (r = &#8722;0.94), highlighting the dominant role of local moisture as a source for ambient water vapor in the synoptic context of the studied dry spells. Detailed observations of the temporal evolution of the ambient water vapor and foliage NRW isotopic signals suggest two different NRW input pathways: (1) the downward pathway through the condensation of ambient water vapor and (2) the upward pathway through the distillation of water vapor from soil onto foliage. We employed a simple two-end-member mixing model using &#948;18O and &#948;2H to quantify the NRW inputs from these two different sources. With this approach, we found that distillation contributed 9&#8211;42% to the total foliage NRW, which compares well with estimates derived from a near-surface vertical temperature gradient method proposed by Monteith in 1957. The dew and radiation fog potentially produced 0.17&#8211;0.54&#8201;mm&#8201;d-1 NRW gain on foliage, thereby constituting a non-negligible water flux to the canopy, as compared to the evapotranspiration of 2.7&#8201;mm&#8201;d-1. Our results thus underline the importance of NRW inputs to temperate grasslands during dry spells and reveal the complexity of the local water cycle in such conditions, including different pathways of dew and radiation fog water inputs.

show abstract

Theory of surface deposition from a binary dilute vapor-containing stream, allowing for equilibrium condensation within the laminar boundary layer

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

The role of dew and radiation fog inputs in the local water cycling of a temperate grassland during dry spells in central Europe

The role of dew and radiation fog inputs in the local water cycling of a temperate grassland during dry spells in central Europe

Deposition rates from polydispersed particle populations of arbitrary spread

The role of dew and radiation fog inputs in the local water cycling of a temperate grassland during dry spells in central Europe

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