Therapeutic Application of Cupping Therapy (Hijama): A Brief Review

Niazi, Madiha Khan; Hassan, Farooq; Zaidi, Syed Zahoor Ul Hassan; Ghaffar, Saira; Sohail, Zuha; Noor, Talha; Aamir, Zeerak; Ismail, Masitah

doi:10.54393/tt.v4i02.132

2023

DOI: 10.54393/tt.v4i02.132

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Therapeutic Application of Cupping Therapy (Hijama): A Brief Review

Madiha Khan Niazi

Farooq Hassan²,

Syed Zahoor Ul Hassan Zaidi

et al.

Abstract: Hijama is a form of Unani medicine that involves using heat or suction to partially vacuum a Hijama glass placed on the surface of the body in order to remove disease-causing material or divert it from the diseased area, return displaced organs to their proper positions, and encourage blood flow to the intrusion site. The cups used to administer hijama therapy gave the treatment its name. For sucking purposes, glass or wooden cupping glasses are employed, and a vacuum pump creates the suction. Hijama involves … Show more

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Cited by 2 publications

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Insight of Al Hijamah Therapy among Allopathic Doctors of Karachi, Pakistan

Mushtaq,

Nini,

Zulfiqar

2024

ejtas

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Aims and objectives: Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) encompasses all forms of therapies that fall outside the mainstream of medical practice. Wet cupping, also known as Al Hijamah therapy, is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a prominent area within the realm of alternative medicine. Its increasing awareness among general population and misconceptions among allopathic doctors, highlights the need to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices of physicians regarding this therapy to promote it effectively and safely in Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January 2021 to Dec 2022 among allopathic doctors practicing in various hospitals and private clinics of Karachi, Pakistan. The survey was carried out using both hard copy and online questionnaire, which includes four sections: socio-demographics, knowledge of physicians toward cupping therapy, physicians’ attitudes toward therapy, and physicians’ practice toward al hijama therapy. IBM-SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of the 182 responses, 96.7% of the physicians were aware of al Hijamah therapy, 72% expressed a desire to acquire knowledge, 56.6% undergone this therapy and tend to integrate this therapy into their clinical practices. However only 34.8% of the physicians referred their patients to Hijamah therapists. Conclusion: Our research findings suggest that physicians have a sound understanding of al hijama therapy and maintain a positive outlook toward it. Despite their proficiency in this field, physicians encounter obstacles in effectively employing, recommending, or referring patients to this therapy. This study also underscores the importance of integrating CAM education into the medical curricula to address existing knowledge gaps and promote its safe and effective use.

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Insight of Al Hijamah Therapy among Allopathic Doctors of Karachi, Pakistan

Mushtaq,

Nini,

Zulfiqar

2024

ejtas

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An Exploratory Study: Controversial Beliefs and Practices of Hijama Practitioners of Karachi, Pakistan

Mushtaq,

Bilal,

Hussein

2024

ejtas

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Background: Cultural and spiritual beliefs have preserved the use of traditional practices, including al hijama (wet cupping), which is widely recognized for its purported therapeutic value and historical significance. Despite its popularity, the practice often lacks formal training and is frequently administered by unqualified practitioners, leading to false beliefs and potentially unsafe practices. Objective: To investigate the scientific knowledge and beliefs of hijama practitioners of Karachi, Pakistan, with a focus on identifying misconceptions, variations in practice, and the influence of cultural and religious beliefs on the practice of hijama therapy. Methodology: A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted involving 114 hijama practitioners from Karachi, who were recruited through various WhatsApp groups and enrolled in a seminar held in January 2023. The participants were required to complete a 37-item questionnaire covering their qualifications, practice methods, hygiene standards, and beliefs about the hijama therapy. Data were analyzed using spss version 20, employing mean, standard deviation, chi-square tests, and frequency distribution. Results: Most participants (97.4%) were female, with only 39.5% possessing a license to practice. Many practitioners (89.5%) were motivated by the religious significance of hijama. The knowledge regarding the scientific theories and mechanism of action of hijama therapy was known by 56.4%. Practices varied widely regarding hygiene, blade type, and cup placement. 38.1% did not consistently check for infectious diseases. Additionally, the practice of reciting Qur’anic verses was widespread, believed to enhance the therapy's effectiveness which shows strong religious connotation. Conclusion: The study reveals a substantial gap in formal training among hijama practitioners, leading to variations in practice and potential safety concerns. There is a pressing need for standardized training and regulations to ensure the safe and effective practice of hijama therapy. Further research is essential to establish evidence-based guidelines which improve the public and physician awareness towards this therapy’s risks and benefits.

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Therapeutic Application of Cupping Therapy (Hijama): A Brief Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

Insight of Al Hijamah Therapy among Allopathic Doctors of Karachi, Pakistan

Insight of Al Hijamah Therapy among Allopathic Doctors of Karachi, Pakistan

An Exploratory Study: Controversial Beliefs and Practices of Hijama Practitioners of Karachi, Pakistan

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