Therapeutic Applications of Nanozymes in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Abstract

Since the discovery of horseradish peroxidase-like activity of magnetite nanoparticles in 2007, many researchers have investigated different types of nanoparticles that show enzyme-like activities, namely, nanozymes. Nanozymes possess high efficiency, stability, and low production costs compared to natural enzymes. Thus, nanozymes have already been widely studied in various domains including medical science, food industry, chemical engineering, and agriculture. This review presents the utilization of nanozymes in medicine and focuses particularly on their therapeutic applications in chronic inflammatory diseases because of their antioxidant-like activity. Furthermore, the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases with nanozymes of different materials was introduced emphatically.

Structure design mechanisms and inflammatory disease applications of nanozymes

“…Therefore, imbalanced RONS in the body will lead to a series of diseases, such as inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. 136,137 In addition, oxidative stress can cause negative effects such as aging and slow wound healing. 138,139 Nanozymes usually exhibit many kinds of enzyme-like activities that can efficiently alleviate oxidative stress in organisms.…”

Anticancer therapeutic effect of cerium-based nanoparticles: known and unknown molecular mechanisms

“…11,12 Iron, manganese, zinc, cobalt, copper, vanadium oxide, and cerium oxide have been developed as nanozymes in order to mimic the functions of natural enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PRX), and oxidase. 13,14…”

“…11,12 Iron, manganese, zinc, cobalt, copper, vanadium oxide, and cerium oxide have been developed as nanozymes in order to mimic the functions of natural enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PRX), and oxidase. 13,14 Previous work has led to the conclusion that higher levels of ROS in cancer cells are associated with cancer cell proliferation and resistance to treatment. 15 However, recent evidence suggests that ROS accumulation in cancer cells also may cause cancer cell degeneration and cytotoxicity.…”

“…92 However, recent work has disputed this, 93 where the observed lower reactivity is attributed to a relatively low reaction rate constant. 13,82 Consequently, • O 2 − has been observed to exhibit very low or non-reactive affinities for biological molecules, such as amino acids, lipids, nucleic acids, and sugar. 94,95 Further, superoxide is relatively ineffective in entering lipid cellular membranes, so it remains localised in the region in which it is generated, 93 where it is neutralised.…”

Network Pharmacology Deciphers the Action of Bioactive Polypeptide in Attenuating Inflammatory Osteolysis via the Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Restoration of Bone Remodeling Balance

“…Chronic inflammatory bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, are mainly characterized by serious destruction of the bone tissue [ 1 , 2 ]. Lacking safe, effective, and affordable therapies highlights the importance of identifying crucial determinants in the process of inflammatory osteolysis [ 3 ].…”