Therapeutic effect of Schisandrin A on avian colibacillosis through gut-liver axis

Abstract

This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of Schisandrin A on systemic colibacillosis of chickens. One hundred and eighty, 1-day-old Hailan Brown chickens were divided into 6 groups of 30 chickens each and assigned to the following treatments: 1) uninfected/untreated control; 2) infected Escherichia coli ; 3) infected-plus low dose of Schisandrin A therapy (50 mg/kg); 4) infected-plus medium dose of Schisandrin A therapy (100 mg/kg); 5) infected-plus high dose of Schisandrin A therapy (200 mg/kg) and 6) infected-plus antimicrobial therapy (florfenicol). Each group of chickens was placed in cages with a photoperiod of 12 h of light and 12 h of dark. Feed and water for all groups were provided ad libitum for the duration of the study. On d 14, all the chickens except the uninfected control group were intraperitoneally inoculated with a fresh culture of E. coli containing 1 × 10 8 CFU/mL. The parameters measured included: average daily weight gain ( ADG ), percent survivability, liver index, serum activity of enzymes (ALT and AST), hepatic and intestinal concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and LPS, expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1), relative abundance of bacterial species and histopathological changes in hepatic and intestinal tissue. The results showed that the medium and high doses of Schisandrin A ameliorated the detrimental effects of colibacillosis on weight gain. Regarding organ indexes, E. coli infection induced a significant increase in liver index, all the doses of Schisandrin A produced a significant reduction of liver index in comparison to the E. coli infected control. Serum activity of ALT and AST enzymes significantly increased due to E. coli infection, with the exception of the low dose of Schisandrin A for AST enzyme activity, all the Schisandrin A treatments significantly lowered enzyme activity in comparison to the E. coli infected control. Regarding concentrations of inflammatory markers in hepatic and intestinal, E. coli infection caused a significant increase in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, except the lowest dose of Schisandrin A for IL-1β, the rest of the doses tested were able to significantly reduced the concentrations of inflammatory markers. Concentrations of LPS in hepatic and intestinal tissues were significantly increased by E. coli infection, all doses of Schisandrin A significantly reduced the concentration of LPS in hepatic and intestinal tissue. E. coli infection significantly reduced the expression of 2 tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Claudin-1), the higher doses of Schisandrin A were effective in significantly increasing the expression of these tight junction proteins when compared with the E. coli infected control. Taken together, these results show that...

Hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effect of Artemisia nilagirica leaf extract on E. coli challenged broiler chicken

“…Similar gross lesions were also reported by Kumari et al (2020) [ 35 ] in the birds suffered from colibacillosis. Histopathologically, the heart and liver of plain infection group revealed perihepatitis, pericarditis, vacuolar changes, leukocytic infiltration, necrosis, muscle fiber degeneration and increased cytoplasmic granularity and the intensity of fibrin deposition and cellular infiltration were progressively increased with the duration as reported by Bao et al (2021) [ 39 ]. From 3 to 7 DPI maximum lesions intensity scores were obtained.…”

Xiaochaihu Decoction Treatment of Chicken Colibacillosis by Improving Pulmonary Inflammation and Systemic Inflammation

“…To address the serious problem of bacterial resistance, researchers are now seeking new alternative antibiotic drugs. There have been many studies showing many new antibiotic alternatives, such as Schisandrin A, small molecule growth inhibitors (GIs) and quorum sensing autoinducer-2 (QS AI-2) inhibitors [ 25 , 27 , 28 ]. The main mechanisms include regulation of the hepatic-intestinal axis, anti-inflammatory, reduces bacterial load on organs, etc.…”

“…Chickens in the positive control group and the XCHD treatment group were injected with APEC solution 0.4 mL through the pectoral muscle with a suspension concentration of 10 8 cfu/mL [ 25 ]. The XCHD group were administered at doses of 2 g/kg, 1 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg ( Table S1 ).…”

Screening and Characterization of Pediococcus acidilactici LC-9-1 toward Selection as a Potential Probiotic for Poultry with Antibacterial and Antioxidative Properties

“…According to Reuben's report, organic acids and small molecular substances were the most promising components [20], which is another factor recommending acid-producing efficiency as the primary screening criterion in our study. Furthermore, the antibacterial effects of screened LABs were tested against E. coli, Salmonella, S. aureus and P. mirabilis, which are the most common pathogenic species in poultry infections [32][33][34][35]. The most widely used commercial rearing system at present is closely related to oxidative stress in broilers [36].…”