Therapeutic Effects of Acetone Extract of Saraca asoca Seeds on Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis via Attenuating Inflammatory Responses

Abstract

Saraca asoca has been traditionally used in Indian system for treatment of uterine, genital, and other reproductive disorders in women, fever, pain, and inflammation. The hypothesis of this study is that acetone extract of Saraca asoca seeds is an effective anti-inflammatory treatment for arthritis in animal experiments. The antiarthritic effect of its oral administration on Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis has been studied in Wistar albino rats after acute and subacute toxicities. Phytochemical analysis revealed presence of high concentrations of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and tannins, while no mortality or morbidity was observed up to 1000 mg/kg dose during acute and subacute toxicity assessments. Regular treatment up to 21 days of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats with Saraca asoca acetone extract (at 300 and 500 mg/kg doses) increases RBC and Hb, decreases WBC, ESR, and prostaglandin levels in blood, and restores body weight when compared with control (normal saline) and standard (Indomethacin) groups. Significant (P < 0.05) inhibitory effect was observed especially at higher dose on paw edema, ankle joint inflammation, and hydroxyproline and glucosamine concentrations in urine. Normal radiological images of joint and histopathological analysis of joint, liver, stomach, and kidney also confirmed its significant nontoxic, antiarthritic, and anti-inflammatory effect.

Anti-inflammatory activity of two varieties of pumpkin seed oil in an adjuvant arthritis model in rats

“…The phenolic content and the considerable concentration from both tocopherol and β-carotene in PSO may explain the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The presence of a high phenolic content was reported to play an anti-arthritic role through lowering ESR and restoring body weight (Gupta et al, 2014).…”

Phytomedicinal Importance of <i>Saraca asoca</i> (Ashoka): An Exciting Past, an Emerging Present and a Promising Future

“…They have been reported to contain alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, polyphenolics, glycosides and many carbohydrates 38,43,46,[84][85][86] . The antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts has been described to be due to the presence of polyphenolics such as gallic acid and ellagic acid 38 .…”

“…The antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts has been described to be due to the presence of polyphenolics such as gallic acid and ellagic acid 38 . Flavonoids such as quercetin, -sitoterol, ceryl alcohol, and glucosides such as quercetin-3-O--rhamnoside and kaemferol-3-O--Lrhamnoside have been reported from S. soaca leaves 14,21,33,38,49,72,81,83,84 .…”

“…They are especially known for the presence of many fatty acids such as oleic, palmitic, stearic, linolenic and linoleic acids; glucosides such as quercetin-3-O-P-D-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-p-Dglucoside, pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside; steroids such as p-and y-sitosterols; flavonoids such as quercetin, leucocyanidin, and polyphenolics such as gallic acid and ellagic acid 14,21,38,84 .…”

Floral Morphology and HPTLC Fingerprint Profile of <i>Saraca asoca</i> (Roxb.) De Wilde (Caesalpiniaceae): A Consecrated Tree of India

“…The dried flowers are used in diabetes and haemorrhagic dysentery and seeds are used for treating bone fractures, stangury and vesical calculi. [3] Scientifically the plant is to be proven as Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, [4], Anthelmintic, [5] Analgesic, [6] Antihyperglycemic / Antioxidant, [7,8] CNS Depressant Activity, [9] Anti-Arthritic / Anti-Inflammatory, [10] Cytotoxicity, [11] Anti-Platelet Aggregation, [12] AntiDiarrheal, [13] Larvicidal [14], antifungal [15]. Chemically it contain Labdane Diterpene, 6,9-epoxy marrubiinic acid, steroids, Flavonoids, lignin glycosides, Gallic acid, [16,17] The present investigation deals with the study of pharmacognostical characteristics of the flowers and phytochemical analysis by high performance thin layer chromatography.…”