Therapeutic effects of acupuncture with MOK, a polyherbal medicine, on PTU‑induced hypothyroidism in rats

Hwang, Ji Hye; Jung, Hyo Won; Kang, Seok Yong; Kang, An Na; Nan, Jun; Meng, Xiong; Hwang, Min Sub; Park, Yong‐Ki

doi:10.3892/etm.2018.6190

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Specifically, MOK has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects in cell-based assays ( 14 ). Moreover, its in vivo anti-hypothyroidism and anti-hyperthyroidism effects have been confirmed in previous studies ( 15 , 16 ). In addition, its inhibitory function on the production of inflammatory mediators by primary peritoneal macrophages has been reported ( 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of MOK, a polyherbal extract, on lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

et al. 2018

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MOK, a pharmacopuncture medicine consisting of 10 herbs, has a long history as treatment for various inflammatory conditions. To investigate the mechanisms of action of MOK, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects were assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopoly-saccharide (LPS). RAW 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of MOK extract for 30 min prior to stimulation with or without LPS for the indicated times. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using Griess reagent, while the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and the antioxidant enzymes Mn superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase-1, were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, superoxide dismutase (SOD)2, catalase (CAT) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including ERK1/2, JNK and p38. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry were used to observe the nuclear expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prostaglandin (PG)E2 production were determined using the ROS assay and an enzyme immunoassay. With MOK treatment, there was a notable decrease in NO and PGE2 production induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells by downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, with MOK treatment, there was a decrease in the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as in the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK, by blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, MOK treatment led to an increase in the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and HO-1 in LPS-stimulated cells, with a concomitant decrease in ROS generation. These results indicate that the inflammatory responses in activated macrophages are inhibited by MOK through downregulation of the transcription levels of inflammatory mediators and inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, MOK protects against oxidative damage by upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and generating ROS scavengers.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of MOK, a polyherbal extract, on lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

et al. 2018

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“…Quantification of morphometric changes of thyroid follicular cell height, thyroid epithelium thickness and hepatocytes count has been performed by ImageJ NIH analysis software, as done earlier by Hwang et al . 62 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allylpyrocatechol, isolated from betel leaf ameliorates thyrotoxicosis in rats by altering thyroid peroxidase and thyrotropin receptors

Panda

Sikdar

Biswas

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Allylpyrocatechol (APC) was isolated from betel leaf and its possible role in L-thyroxin (L-T 4 )-induced thyrotoxic rats was evaluated. The disease condition, thyrotoxicosis was confirmed by higher levels of thyroid hormones and low thyrotropin (TSH) in serum. Increased hepatic activities of 5′-mono-deiodinase(5′D1), glucose-6-phospatase (G-6-Pase); serum concentrations of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) were observed in thyrotoxic rats. Hepatic lipid peroxidation(LPO) was also increased and the endogenous antioxidants were depleted in these rats. In western blot analysis thyroid peroxidase expression was found to be reduced, whereas thyrotropin receptor(TSHR) expression was enhanced in thyroid gland of these animals. On the other hand, APC treatment in thyrotoxic rats decreased the levels of serum thyroid hormones, ALT, AST, TNF-α and LDH, as well as hepatic 5′ D1 and G-6-Pase activities. However, it increased the serum TSH levels. APC also reduced the hepatic LPO and increased the cellular antioxidants in thyrotoxic rats. However, expression of TSHR was inhibited and TPO was increased by APC. The test compound also improved histological features in both liver and thyroid. Present report appears to be the first one that indicates the positive role of APC in ameliorating T 4 -induced thyrotoxicosis.

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“…As discussed earlier, a large number of previous studies had reported the efficacy of Ayurvedic and herbal remedies against hypothyroidism. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]…”

Section: Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several herbal remedies have been found mentioned in the ancient science of traditional medicines, including Ayurveda that was found to have shown an increase in both serum T3 and serum T4. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Although there is no direct mention of the thyroid gland in Ayurveda, the physiological and biochemical functions of the thyroid hormone can be compared with the description of Agni (digestive power maintaining body metabolism). There is also mention of a disease called Galaganda that Charaka mentions among 20 varieties of Kaphaja diseases as a solitary swelling in the neck.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Ayurvedic Interventions in Hypothyroidism

Gaidhani¹,

Bora²,

Hazra³

et al. 2019

Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences

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Thyroid disorders have been one among the most challenging and most common endocrine disorders that we confront worldwide. Major thyroid disorders include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goiter/iodine deficiency, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer. Among these, hypothyroidism is arguably the most challenging as its multifarious clinical presentation often goes unnoticed. Hypothyroidism can be attributed to the deficiency of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), in the body. Mild or subclinical hypothyroidism refers to the condition where peripheral thyroid hormone levels are within normal range, but serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are mildly elevated. Data to date are scarce that include direct experimental, pharmacological, or preclinical types of evidence of treating hypothyroidism with Ayurvedic and herbal drugs. The scope of this manuscript covers the utility of conventional Ayurveda or herbal drugs in ameliorating the pathophysiological symptoms of hypothyroidism. Treatment strategies have been evolving since the early and mid-twentieth century, starting from using the whole thyroid extract to the modern-day thyroxine monotherapy by L-thyroxine. Despite these advances, there remains a considerably large population who endure the symptoms of hypothyroidism. Various assortments of formulations are available for such conditions in Ayurveda system of medicine since the very early days of civilization. In Ayurveda, though there are not any direct reference of thyroid, Galaganda and Gandamala, which possess symptomatic similarities with thyroid disorders, have been mentioned frequently in the texts. With the present data available, it is concluded that natural resources around can be utilized for the prevention and amelioration of hypothyroidism in mammals.

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Therapeutic effects of acupuncture with MOK, a polyherbal medicine, on PTU‑induced hypothyroidism in rats

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of MOK, a polyherbal extract, on lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of MOK, a polyherbal extract, on lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

Allylpyrocatechol, isolated from betel leaf ameliorates thyrotoxicosis in rats by altering thyroid peroxidase and thyrotropin receptors

Efficacy of Ayurvedic Interventions in Hypothyroidism

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