Therapeutic effects of hybrid liposomes with downregulation of inflammatory cytokine for model mice of rheumatoid arthritis in vivo

Abstract

Therapeutic effects of HL for a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse models of HL-23 composed of 95mol% l-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 5mol% polyoxyethylenedodecylether (C12(EO)23) in vivo were examined. Remarkably high therapeutic effects of HL-23 for CIA mouse models were obtained on the basis of clinical assessment of arthritis. The reduction of hyperplastic synovial membrane (pannus tissue) and destruction of the cartilage and bone by HL-23 was revealed on the basis of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and safranin O staining. Furthermore, the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 for CIA mouse models treated with HL-23 were investigated. Remarkably high therapeutic effects without joint swelling were obtained in CIA mouse models treated with HL-23.

Paeoniflorin ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis in rat models through oxidative stress, inflammation and cyclooxygenase 2

“…When the synovial macrophages of RA patients are activated, the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β and TNF-α), chemokines (including IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1) and matrix metalloproteinases follows (21). The symptoms and degree of joint damage in RA are closely associated with the number of macrophages present, and with the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α (22). TNF-α induces endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules, and to promote leukocyte endothelial adhesion and tissue infiltration, resulting in local inflammation.…”

Mixed Hybrid Lipid/Polymer Vesicles as a Novel Membrane Platform

“…A couple of examples already highlight interesting properties of hybrid vesicles, which increase the demand for the design and development of multifunctional vesicle systems to improve targeted drug delivery, tumor targeting and imaging, or to enhance cellular interactions. Older examples, where low‐molecular‐weight PEO‐based surfactants in mixture with natural lipids are used to generate so‐called “hybrid”‐liposomes, are provided in the literature . Thus it can be expected that many of the currently reported hybrid polymer/lipid vesicles will display similar or even stronger effects, as membrane fluidity is often modulated to a large extent …”

“…Recently, membrane research has focused on the formation of hybrid lipid/polymer vesicles, designing an advanced delivery system that combines the properties of both individual membrane types: thus recent investigations on hybrid lipid/polymer vesicles have shown a significant change in membrane fluidity and thus celullar uptake and in turn diminished toxicity by changing the fusion properties of such vesicles with celullar membranes. In this context, the use of poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant systems in mixture with conventional lipids can generate “hybrid” liposomes is noteworthy, which have been studied intensely and have been demonstrated to display significant biological effects in cell cultures via a pure modulation in membrane fluidity . Other biological effects in hybrid lipid/polymersomes are related to selective enrichment of membrane proteins within specific domains, formed by phase segregation on the surface of hybrid lipid/poymer vesicles …”

“…This article is focused on the principles and recent examples in the formation of stable hybrid vesicles, the control and fine‐tuning of their membrane morphologies by various parameters, and the creation of structural features within hybrid bilayers (mono‐ and bilayer) and/or at their membrane surfaces. The design of such functionalized hybrid membranes (e.g., by the incorporation of specific membrane receptors, proteins, or synthetic nanoparticles) opens new perspectives in the fields of reumatoid arthritis, targeted delivery, cytokine regulation, triggered release, and tumor therapy via control over membrane fluidity and nanoscale organization (Figure ), where mixed lipid/polymer systems have been studied.…”

Constraining Polymers into β-Turns: Miscibility and Phase Segregation Effects in Lipid Monolayers

“…A strong interplay between ordering effects of the polymer (microphase segregation according to Flory-Huggins theory) is thus competing with liquid-crystallinity composed of individual domains of either component. Such mixed systems have been studied intensely, displaying biological effects via a modulation in membrane fluidity [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], or related to the enrichment of membrane proteins via phase segregation within hybrid lipid/polymer vesicles [24,25].…”