Therapeutic Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Multiple Sclerosis by Regulating the Inflammatory Process and Controlling Immune Cell Activity: A Novel Promising Treatment Target

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the autoimmune and chronic diseases of the central nervous system; this disease occurs more frequently in young people and women and leads to neurological symptoms. Oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and oligodendrocyte dysfunction have a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of this disease. Nowadays it is reported that photobiomodulation (PBM) as a non-invasive treatment has neuroprotective potential, but the exact mechanisms are not understood. Methods: In this study, we reviewed the effects of PBM on MS. In this regard, we used the keywords "Photobiomodulation", "Laser therapy", and "Low-level laser therapy" on MS to find related studies on this subject in PubMed, Google scholar, Elsevier, Medline, and Scopus databases. Results: PBM has positive effects on MS by regulating the inflammatory process, controlling immune cell activity and mitochondrial functions, as well as inhibiting free radicals production which finally leads to a reduction in neurological defects and an improvement in the functional status of patients. Conclusion: Overall, researchers have suggested the use of laser therapy in neurodegenerative diseases due to its numerous therapeutic effects.

Low-power infrared laser on survival, proliferation, and reactive oxygen species levels in Escherichia coli cultures

“…In addition, Gholami et al [45] reported an increase in ROS levels in periodontal ligament stem cells after exposure to a low-power pulsed infrared (940 nm) laser. However, other studies have proposed that photobiomodulation inhibits free radical production [46]. A low-power infrared (810 nm) laser in pulsed (10 Hz) emission mode reduced hippocampal oxidative damage [47].…”