Therapeutic potential of CAR T cell in malignancies: A scoping review

Mehrabadi, Ali Zarezadeh; Ranjbar, Reza; Farzanehpour, Mahdieh; Shahriary, Alireza; Dorostkar, Ruhollah; Hamidinejad, Mohammad Ali; Ghaleh, Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112512

Cited by 77 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 137 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The efficacious therapeutic response of CAR- T therapy is determined by the extent of CAR-T cell activation and cytokine secretion after engaging with the target antigen. The CAR-T cell activation is largely influenced by factors such as the level of tumor antigen, tumor burden, the affinity of the antigen binding domain to its target epitope, and the CAR’s costimulatory elements [ 215 , 216 ]. Future modified approaches may include refining CAR components, their modular structure, and activation kinetics to optimize therapeutic potential and reduce toxicity.…”

Section: Adoptive Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Trends in Immunotherapy for Cancer

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent advances in cancer immunology have enabled the discovery of promising immunotherapies for various malignancies that have shifted the cancer treatment paradigm. The innovative research and clinical advancements of immunotherapy approaches have prolonged the survival of patients with relapsed or refractory metastatic cancers. Since the U.S. FDA approved the first immune checkpoint inhibitor in 2011, the field of cancer immunotherapy has grown exponentially. Multiple therapeutic approaches or agents to manipulate different aspects of the immune system are currently in development. These include cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapies (such as CAR-T or NK cell therapy), monoclonal antibodies, cytokine therapies, oncolytic viruses, and inhibitors targeting immune checkpoints that have demonstrated promising clinical efficacy. Multiple immunotherapeutic approaches have been approved for specific cancer treatments, while others are currently in preclinical and clinical trial stages. Given the success of immunotherapy, there has been a tremendous thrust to improve the clinical efficacy of various agents and strategies implemented so far. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the development and clinical implementation of various immunotherapy approaches currently being used to treat cancer. We also highlight the latest developments, emerging trends, limitations, and future promises of cancer immunotherapy.

show abstract

Section: Adoptive Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Trends in Immunotherapy for Cancer

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The (iii) third generation combines various costimulatory signaling domains with similar effects to the second generation. The (iv) fourth generation comprises the so-called “TRUCK” T cells that include a cytokine, such as IL-12, which leads to a cytokine-mediated killing of cancer cells via the attraction and the activation of additional immune cells, while the (v) fifth generation includes IL-2 receptors that induce JAK/STAT pathway activation [ 24 , 25 ]. Additionally, there are mAbs with a scFv that interact with T-cells (effector) and prevent the stimulation of cytokines, which either induces or suppresses the immunological response.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Immunotherapeutic Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Gastrointestinal Cancer—Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives

Koustas

Trifylli

Sarantis

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer constitutes a highly lethal entity among malignancies in the last decades and is still a major challenge for cancer therapeutic options. Despite the current combinational treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies, the survival rates remain notably low for patients with advanced disease. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that influence tumor progression and the development of optimal therapeutic strategies for GI malignancies are urgently needed. Currently, the development and the assessment of the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents in GI cancer are in the spotlight of several clinical trials. Thus, several new modalities and combinational treatments with other anti-neoplastic agents have been identified and evaluated for their efficiency in cancer management, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and/or combinations thereof. Understanding the interrelation among the tumor microenvironment, cancer progression, and immune resistance is pivotal for the optimal therapeutic management of all gastrointestinal solid tumors. This review will shed light on the recent advances and future directions of immunotherapy for malignant tumors of the GI system.

show abstract

“…Adoptive cell therapy, which utilizes autologous activated immune effector cells to eradicate tumor cells, has achieved promising results in a variety of hematological malignancies [ 44 ]. However, as they lack specific tumor antigens and due to the existence of an immunosuppressive TME in solid tumors and the expression of inhibitory molecules (such as PD-1) by tumor cells, the activity and proliferation of T cells are always suppressed.…”

Section: The Development Of Prostate Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunotherapy and Immunosuppressive Signaling in Therapy-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Wasielewski

Yang

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men. Initially, it is androgen-dependent, but it eventually develops into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is incurable with current androgen receptor signaling target therapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy, specifically with immune checkpoint inhibitors, has brought hope for the treatment of this type of prostate cancer. Approaches such as vaccines, adoptive chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been employed to activate innate and adaptive immune responses to treat prostate cancer, but with limited success. Only Sipuleucel-T and the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab are approved by the US FDA for the treatment of limited prostate cancer patients. Prostate cancer has a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) in which various immunosuppressive molecules and mechanisms coexist and interact. Additionally, prostate cancer is considered a “cold” tumor with low levels of tumor mutational burden, low amounts of antigen-presenting and cytotoxic T-cell activation, and high levels of immunosuppressive molecules including cytokines/chemokines. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of immunosuppressive signaling activation and immune evasion will help develop more effective treatments for prostate cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize emerging advances in prostate cancer immunotherapy, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms that lead to immune evasion in prostate cancer. At the same time, we also highlight some potential therapeutic targets to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of prostate cancer.

show abstract

Therapeutic potential of CAR T cell in malignancies: A scoping review

Cited by 77 publications

References 137 publications

Emerging Trends in Immunotherapy for Cancer

Emerging Trends in Immunotherapy for Cancer

Immunotherapy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Gastrointestinal Cancer—Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives

The Immunotherapy and Immunosuppressive Signaling in Therapy-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About