Therapeutic potentials of ginger for treatment of Multiple sclerosis: A review with emphasis on its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties

Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Nemati, Maryam

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.09.003

Cited by 65 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…Following the Th subset paradigm and based on the cultures of macrophages and in tumors, these cells are categorized into two principle subtypes, including M1 macrophages, which secrete great quantities of proinflammatory cytokines (such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12), nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas M2 macrophages release large concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, TGF-β and IL-1 receptor antagonist [41,42]. M2 macrophages may be more subcategorized to M2a, M2b and M2c types which are induced from non-polarized macrophages via stimulation with IL-4/ IL-13, immune complexes plus TLR agonists, and IL-10/TGF-β/glucocorticoids, respectively [43].…”

Section: Monocyte/macrophage-mediated Anti-viral Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of monocytes and macrophages to the local tissue inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS, and potential therapeutic interventions

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19-, SARS-and MERS-related coronaviruses share many genomic and structural similarities. However, the SARS-CoV-2 is less pathogenic than SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Despite some differences in the cytokine patterns, it seems that the cytokine storm plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-, SARSand MERS. Monocytes and macrophages may be infected by SARS-CoV-2 through ACE2-dependent and ACE2independent pathways. SARS-CoV-2 can effectively suppress the anti-viral IFN response in monocytes and macrophages. Since macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) act as antigen presenting cells (APCs), the infection of these cells by SARS-CoV-2 impairs the adaptive immune responses against the virus. Upon infection, monocytes migrate to the tissues where they become infected resident macrophages, allowing viruses to spread through all organs and tissues. The SARS-CoV-2-infected monocytes and macrophages can produce large amounts of numerous types of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which contribute to local tissue inflammation and a dangerous systemic inflammatory response called cytokine storm. Both local tissue inflammation and the cytokine storm play a fundamental role in the development of COVID-19-related complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is a main cause of death in COVID-19 patients. Here, we describe the monocytes and macrophage responses during severe coronavirus infections, while highlighting potential therapeutic interventions to attenuate macrophage-related inflammatory reactions in possible approaches for COVID-19 treatment. 1. Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)mediated COVID-19 has emerged during the late 2019 and caused a serious public health threat, forcing the WHO to announce the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a pandemic [1]. SARS-CoV-2, as a member of the coronavirus family, is an enveloped virus containing a positive-sense single-stranded RNA molecule

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Section: Monocyte/macrophage-mediated Anti-viral Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of monocytes and macrophages to the local tissue inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS, and potential therapeutic interventions

et al. 2020

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“…In traditional folk medicines, ginger has been used for its wide array of medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumorigenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-lipidemic and anti-emetic, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective activities, etc. [25][26][27]. Targets of our study are to evaluate the antioxidant properties, and to explore its therapeutic potential in glycation and oxidative stress-induced health complications using various in vitro experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Ginger Extract against Glycation and Oxidative Stress-Induced Health Complications: An In Vitro Study

et al. 2020

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Protein glycation and oxidative stress lead to severe health complications in various diseases including diabetes mellitus. The intake of flavonoid-rich foods has been confirmed previously to have a positive effect on human health. Ginger is an important source of flavonoids and is one of the most widely used traditional medicines in many Asian countries. The aim of this study was to verify the therapeutic potential of methanolic extract from ginger against glycation and other oxidative stress-induced complications using in vitro study. In this study, quantitative estimations of antioxidant components such as total phenolic and flavonoids were determined by UV–visible spectrophotometry. The anti-inflammatory action of the ginger extract was checked by determining its protective action against the denaturation of proteins, anti-proteinase activity and its membrane stabilization effect. The anti-inflammatory action of ginger extract was found to be comparable with reference standard drugs. The antiglycating effect of ginger extract was investigated by placing bovine serum albumin (BSA) with glucose in the presence and absence of ginger extract for two weeks at 37 °C. The incubated samples were analyzed for the number of glycation products, secondary structural changes, aggregation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation by checking browning intensity, determination of aggregation index and Congo red assays. Our findings demonstrated that ginger extract (600 µg/mL) significantly reduced the browning, secondary structural changes, aggregation and AGEs formation. Thus, it can be concluded from these results that ginger extract is a wealthy source of antioxidants and can be used to prevent the glycation and oxidative stress-induced damage of biomolecules in various health complications including inflammation.

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“…It is likely that specific compounds have been preferentially modified only in certain thermal drying conditions during the dehydration process of ginger. Although there have been several studies examining the alteration in chemical composition of ginger after drying, most of the identified ginger components are known to exert immune-suppressive rather than immune-stimulatory activities [7,15,36,37]. Based on our results, it can be postulated that the difference in drying conditions can induce strikingly diverse outcomes on the bioactivity of ginger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…These results highlight the potential to improve the bioactivity of functional foods by selectively controlling processing conditions. Keywords: Thermal drying, ginger, immunomodulation, MAPK pathway S S rheumatism, and Alzheimer's disease), cardiovascular disorders (atherosclerosis and hypertension), vomiting, and diabetes mellitus [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In addition, it has been reported that ginger can be effective in the control of a range of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic diseases in aquaculture and poultry farming [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Differential Thermal Drying Conditions on the Immunomodulatory Function of Ginger

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Jeong³

et al. 2019

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Therapeutic potentials of ginger for treatment of Multiple sclerosis: A review with emphasis on its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties

Cited by 65 publications

References 190 publications

Contribution of monocytes and macrophages to the local tissue inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS, and potential therapeutic interventions

Contribution of monocytes and macrophages to the local tissue inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS, and potential therapeutic interventions

Protective Effects of Ginger Extract against Glycation and Oxidative Stress-Induced Health Complications: An In Vitro Study

Effect of Differential Thermal Drying Conditions on the Immunomodulatory Function of Ginger

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