Therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in children and adolescents

Choi, Soo-Han; Choi, Jae Hong; Yun, Ki Wook

doi:10.3345/cep.2022.00458

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Currently, additional information on the use of remdesivir in children has been published. [9][10][11][12][13] As a result, it is assumed that the current threshold for the use of remdesivir in children has been lowered compared with the pre-Delta predominant period. Second, the recent increase in the frequency of using remdesivir may be the result of a sharp increase in the absolute number of pediatric patients during the Omicron pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Postacute Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children in Japan

Katsuta

Aizawa

Shoji

et al. 2022

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: The clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children have been changing because of the emergence and rapid spread of variants of concern (VOC). The increase in cases infected with VOC has brought concern with persistent symptoms after COVID-19 in children. This survey aimed to analyze the clinical manifestations and persistent symptoms of pediatric COVID-19 cases in Japan. Methods: We analyzed the clinical manifestations of pediatric COVID-19 cases reported between February 2020 and April 2022 in Japan, using a dedicated database updated voluntarily by the members of the Japan Pediatric Society. Using the same database, we also analyzed persistent symptoms after COVID-19 in children who were diagnosed between February 2020 and November 2021. Results: A total of 5411 and 1697 pediatric COVID-19 cases were included for analyzing clinical manifestations and persistent symptoms, respectively. During the Omicron variant predominant period, the percentage of patients with seizures increased to 13.4% and 7.4% in patient groups 1–4 and 5–11 years of age, respectively, compared with the pre-Delta (1.3%, 0.4%) or Delta period (3.1%, 0.0%). Persistent and present symptoms after 28 days of COVID-19 onset were reported in 55 (3.2%). Conclusions: Our survey showed that the rate of symptomatic pediatric COVID-19 cases increased gradually, especially during the Omicron variant predominant period, and a certain percentage of pediatric cases had persistent symptoms. Certain percentages of pediatric COVID-19 patients had severe complications or prolonged symptoms. Further studies are needed to follow such patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Postacute Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children in Japan

Katsuta

Aizawa

Shoji

et al. 2022

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is considered for adole scents (≥12 years and ≥40 kg) at high risk of pro gression to severe disease who do not require supplemental oxygen and are within 5 days of symptom onset. 58) High risk factors include obesity, diabetes, heart disease, chronic lung dis eases, seizure disorders, and an immunocompromised status. 59) Otherwise, for the treatment of other common respiratory viruses causing CAP in children, specific anti viral therapies including ribavirin for RSV and cidofovir for adenovirus are not usually recommended.…”

Section: Antiviral Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might reduce excessive immune and inflammatory responses during the severe course of COVID-19 pneumonia. 58)…”

Section: Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-acquired pneumonia in children: updated perspectives on its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Yun¹

2024

Clin Exp Pediatr

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Pneumonia is a common pediatric infectious disease that is familiar to pediatricians and a major cause of hospitalization worldwide. Recent well-designed epidemiologic studies in developed countries indicated that respiratory viruses are detected in 30%–70%, atypical bacteria in 7%–17%, and pyogenic bacteria in 2%–8% of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The etiological distribution of CAP varies widely by child age and the epidemiological season of the respiratory pathogen. Moreover, diagnostic tests, particularly for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the 2 major bacterial pathogens involved in pediatric CAP, have several limitations. Therefore, management and empirical antimicrobial therapy for children with CAP should be applied in a stepwise manner based on recent epidemiological, etiological, and microbiological evidence.

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“…The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represented a serious challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Children and adolescents experienced less severe disease compared to adults, with most cases requiring only symptomatic treatment or no treatment [ 1 , 2 ]. Mortality at young ages was related to certain risk factors and had a low incidence [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remdesivir, a nucleotide prodrug analog that inhibits viral RNA polymerase, displays in vitro and in vivo activity against SARS-CoV-2 [ 1 , 11 , 12 ]. It has shown clear benefits in moderate-to-severe pediatric cases of COVID-19, especially for children of all ages with an increase in supplemental oxygen [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with Remdesivir of Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Experience from a Clinical Hospital in Romania

Cocuz,

Rodina

et al. 2024

Life

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was characterized by mild-to-moderate disease in children and adolescents, with low incidences of severe cases and mortality. Most of the information on drug therapy in COVID-19-positive children was derived from research in adult patients. Remdesivir, an inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase, was shown to be effective in COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe disease. In this study, we present our experience of the use of remdesivir in pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was based on the early use of remdesivir in 14 children with mild, moderate, and severe clinical forms of COVID-19, who were hospitalized between 1 January 2022, and 30 September 2023. Results: The patients included eight infants and six children older than 1 day (the age range was 2 months to 17 years). Most of them (92.85%) had documented pneumonia. Four patients had associated acute laryngitis, and another had bronchiolitis. Coinfections with Streptococcus pneumoniae were diagnosed in two patients. The clinical course was favorable in 12/14 (85.71%) children. Two patients were transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit because of aggravation of associated acute diseases (acute laryngitis and bronchiolitis, respectively). Mild increases in alanine aminotransferase levels occurred in two patients, with no increase in serum creatinine, during treatment with remdesivir. Conclusion: The appropriate use of remdesivir proved safe and efficient in our group of patients. However, further studies are required to support the efficiency, tolerability, and safety of remdesivir in children.

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Therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in children and adolescents

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Acute and Postacute Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children in Japan

Acute and Postacute Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children in Japan

Community-acquired pneumonia in children: updated perspectives on its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Treatment with Remdesivir of Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Experience from a Clinical Hospital in Romania

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